Chapter 2 Vocabulary
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Created by:
cohnvict on February 3, 2012
Subjects:
Description:
By Will Cohn
Classes:
AP Psychology - Berglund - Spring 2012
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56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Biological psychology | concerned with links between biology and behavior |
| Neuron | nerve cell |
| Dendrite | receives/conducts messages/impulses (neuron). |
| Axon | extension, through which messages are sent (neuron). |
| Myelin sheath | regulates speed/protects (neuron). |
| Action potential | neural impulse, electrical charge |
| Threshold | stimulation (level) to trigger impulse. |
| Synapse | gaps between two neurons (dendrites). |
| Neurotransmitters | chemical messengers, between synapses, and bind. |
| Acetylcholine | neurotransmitter, trigger muscle contraction |
| Endorphins | neurotransmitters, linked to pain control and pleasure. |
| Nervous system | nerve cells of PNS and CNS |
| Central nervous system | brain and spinal chord. |
| Peripheral nervous system | sensory/motor neurons, connect to CNS. |
| Nerves | connect CNS w/ muscles/glands/sense organs. |
| Sensory neurons | information from sense receptors to CNS. |
| Interneurons | communicate/intervene b/w sensory/motor inputs |
| Motor neurons | information from CNS to muscles/glands. |
| Somatic nervous system | division of PNS controls skeletal muscle. |
| Autonomic nervous system | PNS controls glands/muscles (internal organs). |
| Sympathetic nervous system | division of ANS, arouses, mobilizing. |
| Parasympathetic nervous system | division of ANS, calms, conserves |
| Reflex | response to sensory stimulus. |
| Neural networks | interconnected neural cells, learn, "muscle memory". |
| Lesion | tissue destruction |
| Electroencephalogram | recording of electrical activity in the brain. |
| CT (computed tomography) scan | series X-rays, combined = slice through body. |
| PET (positron emission tomography) scans | display brain activity, radioactive glucose. |
| MRI (magnetic resonance imaging | magnetic fields/radio waves, distinguishes different soft-tissue. |
| Brainstem | automatic survival functions, central core of brain. |
| Medulla | heartbeat/breathing, base of brainstem |
| Reticular formation | nerve network, brainstem, controlling arousal. |
| Thalamus | sensory switchboard, directs/replies to messages. |
| Cerebellum | voluntary movement/balance. |
| Limbic system | emotions/drives, includes hippocampus/amygdala/hypothalamus |
| Amygdala | neural clusters, emotion |
| Hypothalamus | eating/drinking/temperature governs endocrine system via pituitary, emotion. |
| Cerebral cortex | control/information-processing center. |
| Glial cells | support, nourish, and protect neurons (aren't neurons). |
| Frontal lobes | speaking/muscle movements, making plans/judgments. |
| Parietal lobes | cerebral cortex, top, sensory cortex. |
| Occipital lobes | cerebral cortex, back, visual |
| Temporal lobes | above ears, auditory |
| Motor cortex | rear frontal lobe, voluntary movements |
| Sensory cortex | front parietal lobes, registers/processes body sensations |
| Association areas | higher mental functions (leering/speaking), cerebral cortex. |
| Aphasia | language impairment (Broca's/Wernicke's area). |
| Broca's area | muscle movement involved in speech. |
| Wernicke's areas | language comprehension/expression. |
| Plasticity | brain's capacity for modification. |
| Corpus callosum | neural fibers, connecting hemispheres, messages between. |
| Split brain | two hemispheres isolates (cut connecting fibers). |
| Endocrine system | "slow" communication system, glands/hormones/blood stream. |
| Hormones | chemical messengers, manufactured by endocrine glands, produced one tissue to another. |
| Adrenal glands | , above kidneys, secret adrenaline/noradrenaline. |
| Pituitary gland | endocrine, influenced by hypothalamus, regulates growth/endocrine glands. |
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