| Term | Definition |
| predicate nominative | a word or word group that is in the predicate and that identifies the subject or refers to it |
| predicate adjectives | an adjective that is the predicate and that describes the subject |
| direct objects | a noun, pronoun, or word group that tells who or what receives the action of the verb |
| indirect objects | a noun, pronoun, or word group that sometimes appears in sentences containing direct objects |
| adjective phrases | a prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun |
| adverb phrases | a prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb |
| infinitive phrases | consist of an infinitive and any modifiers or complements |
| gerund phrases | consist of a gerund and any modifiers or complements the gerund has. |
| participial phrases | consist of a participle and any modifiers or complements |
| appositive phrases | consist of an appositive and its modifiers |
| subordinate clauses | does not express a complete thought and cannot stand by itself as a complete sentence |
| independent clauses | expresses a complete thought and can stand by itself |
| simple sentence | contains one independent clause |
| compound sentence | contains 2 or more independent clauses |
| complex sentence | 1 independent clause and at least 1 subordinate clause |
| compound-complex sentence | 2 or more independent and 1 subordinate |