BIOL 228 CH17--Blood
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Created by:
devoncaperton on February 3, 2012
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39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 albumin | Found in plasma, the non-living viscous fluid part of the blood |
| 7.35-7.45 | The pH of blood |
| 5-6 liters | The amount of blood in an adult male |
| cytoskeleton | maintains the shape of erythrocytes |
| 45 | erythrocyte percent of blood volume |
| hemoglobin | consists of 4 hemes (contain iron) plus 1 globin (protein) |
| transport oxygen | function of hemoglobin |
| erythropoietin | from kidneys; stimulates RBC precursor cells in marrow to divide |
| 120 days | lifespan of RBCs |
| bilirubin | the unusable part of heme; disposed of by the liver |
| leukocyte | white blood cell |
| 1 | leukocyte percent of blood volume |
| chemotaxis | leukocytes capability to follow chemical "scent" where chemical concentration is the highest |
| margination | leukocytes line up against BV wall |
| diapedesis | the capability of leukocyte to squeeze thru capillary wall into tissue areas |
| amoeboid movement | the capability of leukocyte to move by itself |
| neutrophil | leukocyte, granulocyte; 50% of WBC; faint granules, phagocytes associated with acute infections |
| defensins | granules within neutrophils that are antibiotic-like proteins that poke holes in cell membranes |
| eosinophil | leukocyte, ganulocyte; 1-4% of WBC; dark red granules which are enzymes that kill parasitic worms; they decrease the inflammatory response |
| basophil | leukocyte, granulocyte; 0.5% of WBC; blue/black granules: contain histamine; increase the inflammatory response |
| histamine | potent vasodilator: increases diameter of BV; found within basophils |
| agranulocyte | a leukocyte with no distinct granules |
| lymphocyte | leukocyte, agranulocyte; 40% of WBC; B and T cells of immunity; not too much larger than RBC; sliver of pale bluish cytoplasm can be seen |
| monocyte | leukocyte; agranulocyte; 5% of WBC; called macrophages if in tissues; Phagocytes associated with chronic infections; pale blue cytoplasm; c-shaped or round nucleus |
| platelets | fragments of a large cell called the megakaryocyte; "bubbles of membrane with liquid in them" |
| plasma | 55% of the volume of whole blood; 90% water: Ions, nutrients, wastes, hormones, oxygen, & carbon dioxide; 8% albumin (protein for viscosity & buffer) |
| hemostasis | the stoppage of blood flow; contains 3 phases: vascular spasm, formation of the platelet plug, and coagulation |
| vascular spasm | 1st stage of hemostasis: constriction of the blood vessel; reduces flow up to 30 minutes (only 30 due to fatigue) |
| formation of the platelet plug | 2nd stage of hemostasis: temporary seal--gives us more time |
| broken endothelial cells | a substep of the formation of the platelet plug which exposes collagen which platelets stick to. |
| platelets degranulate | a substep of the formation of the platelet plug in which platelets release serotonin and thromboxane which enhance the vascular spasm and ADP causes additional platelets to aggregate (stick). |
| coagulation | the 3rd stage of hemostasis: 3 events ocur in the transformation of liquid blood to a gel |
| procoagulant | enhance coagulation |
| anticoagulant | decrease coagulation |
| formation of clot | usually takes 3-6 minutes to start; part of the process of coagulation |
| enzyme cascade | formation of one substance causes the formation of another which in turn causes formation of yet another |
| coagulation cascade | 3 steps in sequence: 1. formation of prothrombin activator(PA): an enzyme (need factor X plus Ca++ plus thromboplastin to get PA, 2. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin (another enzyme), 3. conversion of fibrinogen (soluble plasma protein) to fibrin (insoluble protein threads) |
| clot retraction | the clot shrinks, bringing cut edges closer together; platelets act like smooth muscle cells, squeezing down on themselves and making the clot shrink |
| fibrinolysis | dispose of the clot when repair is nearing completion; healing tissues release Plasminogen Activator which starts another cascade to dissolve the clot. |
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