| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Christopher Columbus | Explorer financed by Spain that went West and discovered the New World/Americas. By discovered, he was not actually the first person to find it but the first person to have settlers follow and settle there. |
| Anglican Church | Queen Elizabeth's solution to restoring religious peace to England. It was a combination of different religions which was made so that different people from different religions could translate the meanings of the church to fit their own personal beliefs and not offend them. |
| Peace of Augsburg | A doctrine set forth by the Holy Roman Empire that stated all the people in the Holy Roman Empire must follow their prince's religion. |
| Catherine of Aragon | King Henry's first wife that was also his dead brother's wife. She could only bear him one child, a girl, and Henry needed a son to succeed him. He filed for divorce but the Pope would not give him one. Henry decided to break off England from the European church and make himself the head of England's church. This was the second reformation and Henry gave himself a divorce. |
| Edict of Nantes | A doctrine put into effect by Henry IV during a series of France's religious wars. Henry IV was originally Protestant but realised the Parisians were mainly Catholic and would not support him in war. He converted to Catholicism but made this doctrine saying that Protestants could not be persecuted anymore. |
| Bartolomew de la Casas | A Dominican priest and also a conquistador but changed his ways and spent the rest of his life helping Amerindians. |
| Flanders | City that had control of the wool trade which is said to have been a leading issue leading up to the 100 year's war. |
| Joan of Arc | Rescued France from collapse during the 100 years' war. |
| Conciliar Movement | An attemt to solve the Great Schism and reform the church by saying the first two popes were no longer popes and annoininting a new pope. This plan backfired though because the first two popes would not accept the fact that they werent popes anymore and chaos began. The three popes called each other the antichrist and excommunicated each others followers. |
| Dowry | In Renaissance Europe if a young woman didn't have one she was unmarriageable. |
| Michelangelo | One of the most famous Renaissance painters, sculptors, and architects who re designed St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. |
| Guilds | Where craftsmen went with apprentices and practiced their craft. |
| Lollards | The followers of John Wyclif that believed everyone should be allowed to read the Bible. |
| Donatello | Very famous sculptor that made very realistic sculptures, one of which was of Mary Magdalene |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Famous painter and architect that painted Mona Lisa. |
| The Prince | A book about how corrupt everyone actually was and was basically a guide for a ruler how to gain and keep power. The church was appalled by it becasue it tells how evil everyone really is and the Church thought he was going against them. |
| Vikings | Group that invaded and sirupted life in the 9th and 10th centuries. |
| Inquisition | A cruel tactic of getting rid of Protestants involving trying to convince an accused Protestant to change his or her ways through verbal strategies, torture, and finally, if all else failed, burning at the stake. |
| Domesday Book | A huge survey of everything in England sent by William the Conqueror because he wanted a record of everything in England. |
| Rule of St. Benedict | The requirements of being a nun or monk. |
| Three field System | The system on a manor in which every year only two fields are plowed, giving the third one time to make its soil rich again |
| Magna Carta | The document designed by nobles to greatly reduce the king's power. It said teh king was no longer allowed to take nobles' land without cause, or tax without their permission. |
| Fief | Large area of land given to lords and subdivided into manors given to lesser nobles that turn into knights and work for the lords. |
| Waste Land | Land which had to emain unplowed and unseeded until the soil recovered its nutrients |
| Serfs | People that performed most of the work on Medieval European manors. |
| Ghettoes | Sections of Christian towns where Jews lived in a segregated status. |
| King Phillip | The king that brought about the unification of France under a monarchy during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. |
| Frederick Barbarossa | Holy Roman Emperor that failed to achieve German unity when his ambitions in Italy distracted his attention. |
| Abbey Church of St. Denis | Example of the gothic style of medieval architecture. |
| St. Thomas of Aquinos | The greatest Christian teacher of the 12th and 13th centuries. |
| Shoen | Parcels of good land that could be traded or possessed in any form and was used by the samurai. |
| Yuan Dynasty | The official name for the Mongol Empire in China, the Khan Dynasty. There was much destruction during this time and some places never recovered. |
| Daimyo | The lord that controls political feudalism in the shogunate. |
| Shogun | In Japan he was the leader of the strongest clan and was the one that really held all the power, not the emperor. |
| Yurt | Tentlike structure that was used by the Mongols because it was fast and eas to put up and take down |
| Code of Bushido | Instructions for Samurai warriors on how to live and behave. It was sort of the bible of the Samurais and because of it, they held honor above all other aspects and it kept them from rising against the Daimyo. |
| Shinto | Unique animistic religion of Japan. |
| Empress Wu | First woman empress in China and was very powerful and responsible for much of China's spread of Buddhism. |
| Sati | A rarely used ritualistic tradition sometimes used among high caste widows in India involving a suicidal jump into the husband's funeral pyre's flames. |
| Du Fu | One of China's most famous poets that wrote dark poetry about misery and human suffering. |
| Five Pillars of Islam | Pilgrimmage to Mecca, almsgiving to the poor, prayer five times a day, statement of faith, and fasting during Ramadan |
| Abu Bakr | First elected Caliph after Muhammad's death and also the father in law and good friend of Muhammad. |
| Sunni | The believers that the successors of Muhammad should be whomsoever was most qualified for the job. |
| Shi'ites | Believers that the successors of Muhammad should be directly related to him |
| People of the Book | The original believers in Islam |
| Battle of Tours | Charles Martel completely destroyed the Muslims and stopped their invasion into France. |
| Sufism | Islamic version of a practice in the West called mysticism |
| Caliph | Name given to the ruler of the Muslims and was important because there was a lot of fighting over the caliph should be after Muhammad died. |
| Dhimmis | the People of the Book. The Muslims treated them better than they treated the Pagans because they thought the Christians and Dhimmis were more like them because tehy al lbelieved in one god and in prophets. |
| Ka'ba | Holy place of worship for the agans with many statues of their gods. muhammad came to Mecca and smashed all the statues and Mecca became a holy place. |
| Jihad | Holy war where teh Muslims fought to convert the Pagans. It was considered the Highest honor to fight and/or die as a Shihad, warrior for God. If you died as a warrior for God it was believed you went to paradise immediately. |
| Qur'an | They holy book of the Muslims and was written when the angel Gabriel told Muhammad God's message and to write it down. |
| Umma | Muhammad's first little community of followers and people went there as a sanctuary, including Muhammad when he was harassed for preaching. |
| Mecca | Holy city to the Muslims and if you are Muslim you must make a pilgrimmage to Mecca at least once in your life. |
| Umayyad Dynasty | First dynasty after the first three caliphs were killed, changing the electing of the caliph to dynastic successions. The Umayyads conquered a lot but also caused a three way split into the Sunni, Shi'ites, and Kharijites. |
| Abbasid Dynasty | Second dynasty after Umayyads and lasted for almost 500 years and was the longest and most successful dynasty. |
| Sharia | Sacred law of Islam based on the Qur'an and Sunna of Muhammad. Not all Muslims have this but the Taliban wants everyone to follow it. |
| Seljuks | Turkish converts to islam and took Baghdad from the Abbasids. |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace