Functional Anatomy of the Brainstem, Spinal Cord, and Sub-Cortical
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Spinal Cord | Carries signals from the brain to the effector organs and from receptor organs to the brain |
| Gray Matter | -In ventral and dorsal roots -Contains call bodies of different neurons and interneurons |
| Ventral Roots | Carry efferent action potentials to muscles and glands |
| Dorsal Roots | Carry afferent action potentials to the spinal cord |
| Ascending Tracts | Carry afferent signals up spinal cord to the brain |
| Descending Tracts | Carry efferent signals down spinal cord to effector organs |
| Local Interneurons | Integrate sensory info into motor output |
| Damage to Spinal Cord | -Results in motor and/or sensory deficits -Depends on descending and/or ascending tracts -Depends on height (high = worse) |
| Brainstem | Composed of mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata |
| Mesencephalon (Midbrain) | Responsible for control of eye movement and visual/auditory reflexes |
| Pupillary Light Reflex | Can be used as a clinical assessment of the efficacy of the mesencephalon |
| Pons | -Sensorimotor relay from cortex to cerebrum -Control of breathing |
| Medulla Oblongata | Control of autonomic functions (blood pressure, breathing, etc) |
| Cerebellum | -Dorsal to to the pons -Involved in the control visually-guided movements |
| Diencephalon | Composed thalamus and hypothalamus |
| Thalamus | Relay/gating station for sensory info going to the cerebrum |
| Hypothalamus | Responsible for autonomic homeostasis |
| Basal Ganglia | Control of internally-generated movement |
| Amygdala | Involved in the control and perception of emotional expression |
| Hippocampus | Functions in forming new memories |
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