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Zachary Taylor Whig President; served 1849-1850; died in office. Henry Clay Statesman from Kentucky who promoted the Compromise of 1850. John C. Calhoun Statesman from South Carolina who stood for states' rights. Daniel Webster Massachusetts statesman who called for a compromise between the states. Millard Fillmore Vice President who became President when Taylor died; served 1850-1853. Franklin Pierce Democrat President; served 1853-1857. Harriet Tubman Escaped slave who helped 300 slaves escape to freedom on the underground railroad. Harriet Beecher Stowe Abolitionist author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin." James Buchanan Democrat President; served 1857-1861. Dred Scott Slave who sued for his freedom and based his argument on the Missouri Compromise. Stephen Douglas Promoter of the Kansas-Nebraska Act; debated Lincoln in the Illinois senatorial campaign of 1858. Abraham Lincoln Republican President; served 1861-1865; led the nation through Civil War; assassinated at beginning of second term. John Brown Radical abolitionist who planned to raid a federal arsenal and lead a slave revolt in Harpers Ferry, Virginia. General Robert E. Lee Commander of the Confederate forces. Jefferson Davis Senator from Mississippi who became the first and only President of the Condederacy. General Thomas J. Jackson Great general of the Confederate army; known as "Stonewall Jackson." General Ulysses S. Grant Great general of the Union army; later served as Republican President from 1869-1877. James Ewell Brown Stuart Flamboyant cavalry officer for the South; known as "Jeb" Stuart. General William Tecumseh Sherman Union general known for his devastating March to the Sea. General Stand Watie Cherokee chief who served as Confederate general; led the Cherokee Mounted Rifles. Clara Barton Army medical nurse who helped to organize the American Red Cross. John Wilkes Booth Actor who assassinated President Lincoln. Andrew Johnson Vice President who became President when Lincoln was assassinated; served 1865-1869. Thomas Nast Political cartoonist of the late 1800's who created the current symbols of the Democrat and Republican parties (donkey and elephant). Rutherford B. Hayes Republican President elected under the Compromise of 1877; served 1877-1881. Booker T. Washington Black educator who founded Tuskegee Institute. Fort Sumter Union fort in Charleston Harbor where the first shots of the Civil War were fired. Richmond, Virginia Capital of the Confederacy. Fredericksburg City in Virginia where Lee and Jackson defeated Union troops under General Burnside. Vicksburg Improtant Southern city on the Mississippi; captured by Grant. Appomattox Court House, Virginia Village where Lee surrendered to Grant. West Virginia 48 counties of Virginia that separated and remained within the Union during the Civil War. Fisk University (Nashville) and Atlanta University Two universities founded in 1865 for the education of black Americans. Tuskegee Institute The most innovative educational institution established for black Americans (1881); founded by Booker T. Washington in Tuskegee, Alabama.