| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Hormones | Chemicals released by cells that affect other parts of the body. |
| Endocrine Hormones | Chemicals secreted by the endocrine glands, directly into the blood. |
| Growth Hormone | Also known as somatotropin, regulates development of long bones. |
| Epinephrine | Also known as adrenaline, produced in times of stress. |
| Insulin | Producedin the pancreas, regulates high blood sugar levels. |
| Steroid Hormones | Made from cholesterol, includes male/female sex hormones and cortisol. |
| Protein Hormones | Composed of chains of amino acids, includes insulin and GH. |
| Pituitary Gland | Gland at base of brain, functions as a control centre, coordinating the endocrine and nervous sytem. |
| Thyroxine | Produced by thyroid gland, increases rate of body metabolism and regulates growth. |
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone | Targets the thyroid gland, stimuates the release of thyroxine. |
| ACTH | Targets adrenal cortex, stimulates the release of hormones involved in stress responses. |
| Follicle-stimulating Hormone | Targets the ovaries and testes, stimulates follicle development. |
| Luteinizing Hormone | Targets ovaries and testes, stimulates formation of corpus luteum (females) and production of testosterone (males) |
| Prolactin | Targets mammary glands, stimulates milk production in females. |
| Oxytocin | Targets uterus, mammary glands; initiates strong contractions during birth. |
| Antidiuretic hormone | Targets the kidneys, increases water absorption. |
| Glucagon | Hormone produced by the pancreas when blood sugar levels are low; promotes conversion of glycogen to glucose. |
| Diabetes | Chronic disease that occurs when the body cannot produce any insulin or enough insulin. |
| Adrenal Medulla | Found at the core of the adrenal gland, produces epinephrine. |
| Adrenal Cortex | Outer region of adrenal gland that produces glucocortiocoids. |
| Glucocordiocoids | Hormones designed to help the body in times of stress. |
| Thyroid Gland | Gland at the base of the neck that regulates metabolic processes. |
| Parathyroid Glands | Four small glands in the thyroid that produce parathyroid hormone to regulate blood calcium and phosphate levels. |
| Calcitonin | Hormone produced to lower calcium levels in the blood. |
| Goiter | Disorder that causes an enlargement of the thyroid. |
| Parathyroid Hormone | Hormone produced by parathyroids that increase calcium levels in the blood and decrease phosphate levels. |
| Anterior Pituitary | Produces growth hormone and somatotropin. |
| Anabolic Steroids | Substances that are designed to mimic muscle building traits of the sex hormone testosterone. |
| Testosterone | Male sex hormone produced by interstitial cells of the testes. |
| Spermatogenesis | Process by which sperm divide and mature. |
| Gonadotropic hormones | Hormones produced by pituitary that regulate the functions of the ovaries and testes. |
| GnRH | Chemical messenger from hypothalamus that stimulates secretions of FSH and LH |
| Follicles | Structures in the ovary that contain the egg and secrete estrogen |
| Ovulation | Release of the egg from the follicle |
| Corpus Luteum | Mass of follicle cells that forms following ovulation; secretes estrogen and progesterone. |
| Flow Phase | Phase of menstrual cycle marked by shedding of the endometrium. |
| Follicular Phase | Phase marked by development of ovarian follicles before ovulation. |
| Estrogen | Female sex hormones that activate female secondary sex characteristics and thickening of endometrium |
| Luteal Phase | Phase of cycle marked by forming of corpus luteum |
| Progesterone | Strimulates endometrium, prepares for embryo, inhibits contractions and further ovulation. |
| Primary Oocyte | 46 Chromosomes, mitosis |
| Secondary Oocyte | 23 Chromosomes, already done meiosis I & then meisosi II |
| Mature Ova | Only one of these eggs is released, other are polar bodies. |
| Islets of Langerhans | Section of the pancreas that creates hormones. |
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