Ch 19-22 American Pageant 13th edition

Terms	Definitions
Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin	intended to show the cruelty of slavery
As a result of reading Uncle Tom's Cabin, many northerners	would have nothing to do with the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law
Hinton R. Helper's book The Impending Crisis of the South argued that those who suffered most from slave labor were	non-slave holding southern whites
In "Bleeding Kansas" in the mid-1850s, the Lecompton Constitution was identified with the proslavery element,	and the New England Immigrant Aid Society was associated with the antislavery free-soilers.
In 1856, the breaking point over slavery in Kansas came with	an attack on Lawrence by a gang of proslavery raiders.
The situation in Kansas in the mid-1850s indicated	the impracticality of popular sovereignty in the territories.
The clash between Preston S. Brooks and Charles Sumner revealed	fact that passions over slavery were becoming dangerously inflamed in both North and South.
The central plank of the Know-Nothing party in the 1856 election was	nativism
The Republicans lost the 1856 election in part of	because of southern threats that a Republican victory would be a declaration of war
For a majority of northerners, the most outrageous part of the Supreme Court's ruling in the Dred Scott case was that	Congress had never had the power to prohibit slavery in any territory.
. As a result of the Lincoln-Douglas debates	Douglas defeated Lincoln for the Senate.
Stephen A. Douglas argued in his Freeport Doctrine during the Lincoln-Douglas debates that	action by territorial legislatures could keep slavery out of the territories.
After John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, the South concluded that	the North was dominated by "Brown-loving" Republicans
Abraham Lincoln's party was for	banning slavery from the territories
Stephen Douglas's party was for	enforcing popular sovereignty
John Breckenridge's party was for	extending slavery into the territories
John Bell's party was for	preserving the Union by compromise
When Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 presidential election, people in South Carolina	rejoiced because it gave them an excuse to secede
"Lame-duck" President James Buchanan believed that the	Constitution did not authorize him to force southern states to stay in the Union
Abraham Lincoln opposed the Crittenden Compromise because	the Compromise could allow slavery to expand into Latin America.
Secessionists supported leaving the Union because	ey were tired of abolitionist attacks; they believed that the North would not oppose their departure; the political balance seemed to be tipping against them; and they were dismayed by the success of the Republican Party.
Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter when it was learned tha	Lincoln had ordered supplies sent to the fort
Lincoln' declaration the the North sought to preserve the Union with or without slavery	revealed the influence of the Border States on his policies
To achieve its independence, the Confederacy had to	fight the invading Union army to a draw
As the Civil War began, the South seemed to have the advantage of	more talented military leaders
Of all the hardships faced by the soldiers during the Civil War, the greatest was	disease
the greatest weakness of the South during the Civil War was its	economy
The North's greatest strength in the Civil War was its	economy
The South believed that the British would come to its aid because	Britain was dependent on Southern cotton
During the Civil War, Britain and the United States were nearly provoked into war by	the Trent affair, involving the removal of Southern diplomats from a British ship
Confederate commerce-raiders such as the Alabama	proved effective
Napoleon III's attempt to install Maximilian on the Mexican throne was a clear violation of	the Monroe Doctrine
France abandoned it's attempt to control Mexico	when the United States threaten to force France to leave
As president of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis did not exercise arbitrary power wielded by Abraham Lincoln because	of the South's emphasis on states' rights
During the Civil War, the Union	launched a new national banking system
The Union's defeat at Bull Ran in 1861 was better than a victory because	the defeat caused Northerners to face up the reality of a long difficult war
After assuming command of the Army of the Potomac, General George McClellan made the mistake of	consistently believing that the enemy outnumbered him.
As a result of the Confederate victory in the Peninsula Campaign	the Union turned to a strategy of total war.
The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil were	Gettysburg and Antietam.
The Battle of Antietam was particularly critical because	it probably prevented intervention by Britain and France on behalf of the Confederacy
The North's "victory" at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to	issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
Slavery was legally abolished in the United States by	the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
The Emancipation Proclamation had the effect of	strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union.
When it was issued in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation declared only free slaves in	states still in rebellion against the United States
Robert E. Lee decided to invade the North through Pennsylvania in order to	deliver a decisive blow that would strengthen the Northern peace movement
The Battle of Gettysburg was significant because	Union victory meant that the Southern cause was doomed.
The Union victory at Vicksburg was of major importance because	it reopened the Mississippi River to Northern trade; coupled with the victory at Gettysburg, foreign help for the Confederacy was irretrievably lost; it helped to quell Northern peace agitation; and it cut off the supply of cattle and other goods from Texas and Louisiana.
One consequence of General William T. Sherman's style of warfare was	a shorter war that saved lives.
The group in the North most dangerous to the Union cause was	the Northern Peace Democrats.
In the l864 election, the Democratic Party nominated George McClellan	to oppose Lincoln's reelection.
The Union army's victory in the capture of Atlanta was	probably critical to Lincoln's reelection in 1864.
General Ulysses S. Grant's basic strategy in the Civil War involved	assailing the enemy's armies simultaneously and directly
The assassination of Abraham Lincoln	was a calamity for the South
. The supreme test of American democracy in the nineteenth century	was the Civil War.
The Civil War resulted in the following:	expanded federal powers of taxation; the end of nullification and secession; the creation of the first federal social welfare agency; and the end of slavery
For blacks, emancipation meant all of the following:	the ability to search for lost family; the right to get married; the opportunity to form their own churches; and the opportunity for an education.
The "Exodusters" westward move to Kansas faltered when	steamboat captains refused to transport them across the Mississippi.
The greatest achievements of the Freedmen's Bureau were	in education
The white South viewed the Freedmen's Bureau as	a meddlesome federal agency that threatened to upset white racial dominance.
Andrew Johnson was made Lincoln's running mate in 1864 because	Johnson was a Democrat and a loyal unionist from a Southern state
As a politician, Andrew Johnson developed a reputation	as a champion of the poor whites.
The controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis Bill and the readmission of the Confederate states to the Union demonstrated	the deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress.
In his 10 percent reconstruction plan, President Lincoln promised	rapid admission of Southern states into the Union
That the Southern state were "conquered provinces" and therefore at the mercy	of Congress for readmission to the Union, was the view of congressional Republicans.
President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction	took away the right to vote from Confederate leaders and wealthy planters.
The main purpose of the Black Codes was to	ensure a stable labor supply
. The Black Codes provided for all of the following:	a ban on jury service by blacks; punishment of blacks for idleness; a bar on blacks from renting land; and fines for blacks who jumped labor contracts.
To many Northerners, the Black Codes seemed	to indicate that possibly the North had not really won the Civil War.
. For congressional Republicans, one of the most troubling aspects of the Southern states' restoration to the Union was	that the South would be stronger than ever in national politics.
The incident that caused the clash between Congress and President Johnson to explode into the open was	Johnson's veto of the bill to extend the Freedmen's Bureau.
The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed	citizenship to freed slaves
In the 1866 congressional elections	voters endorsed the congressional approach to Reconstruction.
The root cause of battle between Congress and President Andrew Johnson was	Johnson's "soft" treatment of the white South
Both moderate and radical Republicans agreed that	freed slaves must be granted the right to vote.
Radical congressional Reconstruction of the South finally ended when	the last federal troops were removed in 1877.
. Radical Reconstruction state governments passed	much desirable legislation and badly needed reforms.
A primary motive for the formation of the Ku Klux Klan was	white resentment of the ability and success of black legislators
Even though the Force Acts and the Union Army helped suppress the Ku Klux Klan, the secret organization largely achieved its central goal of	Intimidating blacks and undermining them politically
The official charge that the House of Representatives used to impeach President Johnson was his	dismissal of Secretary of War Stanton contrary to the tenure of Office Act
In 1867 Secretary of State Seward accomplished an enduring success in foreign relations for the Johnson administration when he	purchased Alaska from Russia.
All of the following were reasons the Senate voted to acquit President Andrew Johnson:	opposition to abusing the Constitutional system of checks and balances; concern about the person who would become President; fears of creating a destabilizing period; and Johnson's promise to stop obstructing Republican policies.
Many feminist leaders were especially disappointed with the Fourteenth Amendment because it	specified for the first time in the Constitution that only males could vote
The Fourteenth Amendment	guaranteed freed slaves the right to vote
The fate of the defeated Confederate leaders was that	after brief jail terms all were pardoned in 1868
In President Andrew Johnson's view, the Freedmen's Bureau was	a meddlesome agency that should be killed
Harriet Beecher Stowe	Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book about a slave who is treated badly, which persuaded more people, particularly Northerners, to become anti-slavery.
Charles Sumner	Radical Republican against the slave power who insults Andrew Butler and subsequently gets caned by Preston Brooks
John Brown	abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (1800-1858)
James Buchanan	The 15th President of the United States. He tried to maintain a balance between proslavery and antislavery factions, but his views angered radicals in North and South, and he was unable to forestall the secession of South Carolina
Dred Scott	American slave who sued his master for keeping him enslaved in a territory where slavery was banned under the missouri Compromise
Abraham Lincoln	16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth
John C. Breckenridge	One of the two democratic candidates against Lincoln. The other was Stephen A Douglas. He was nominated by the Southern Democrats. Buchanan's VP.
John Bell	Presidential candidate of the Constitutional Union Party. He drew votes away from the Democrats, helping Lincoln win.
The Impending Crisis of the South	Trouble-brewing book written in 1857 by Hinton R. Helper, attempting to prove that slavery hurt non-slaveholding whites the most
New England Immigrant Aid Society	1854 was created to pay antislave settlers to go into Kansas, so when the state voted on whether or not to allow slavery the vote would be on the antislave side.
Pottawatomie Creek Massacre	In reaction to the sacking of Lawrence by pro-slavery forces, John Brown and a band of abolitionist settlers killed five pro-slavery settlers north of Pottawatomie Creek in Franklin County, Kansas
Lecompton Constitution	gave the voters of Kansas only the right to decide whether more slaves could enter the territory, not whether slavery should indeed exist in the territory.
Bleeding Kansas	A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.
American or know-nothing party	a former political party active in the 1850s to keep power out of the hands of immigrants and Roman Catholics (called nativists)
Harpers Ferry Raid	John Brown attempted to create a revolt among the slaves. He wanted to ride down the river and provide the slaves with arms from the North, but he failed to get the slaves organized. Brown was captured. The effects of Harper's Ferry Raid were as such: the South saw the act as one of treason and were encouraged to separate from the North, and Brown became a martyr to the northern abolitionist cause.
Beecher's Bibles	Guns provided young men who went to fight for free soil in Kansas.
Crittenden Compromise	attempt to prevent Civil War by Senator Crittenden - offered a Constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36º30' line, noninterference by Congress with existing slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves - defeated by Republicans
Jefferson Davis	President of the Confederate States of America
Draft Riots	were a series of violent disturbances in New York City that were the culmination of discontent with new laws passed by Congress to draft men to fight in the ongoing American Civil War
Clement L. Vallandigham	Prominent Copperhead who was an ex-congressman from Ohio, demanded an end to the war, and was banished to the Confederacy
Ulysses S. Grant	an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.
First Battle of Bull Run	First "real" battle of the Civil War, it was expected by Union officials to be short but ended up a Confederate victory
Trent Affair	In 1861 the Confederacy sent emissaries James Mason to Britain and John Slidell to France to lobby for recognition. A Union ship captured both men and took them to Boston as prisonners. The British were angry and Lincoln ordered their release
Border States	in the civil war the states between the north and the south: delaware, mayland, kentucky, and missouri
Emancipation Proclamation	issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862, it declared that all slaves in the rebellious Confederate states would be free
John Wilkes Booth	United States actor and assassin of President Lincoln (1838-1865)
George B. McClellan	a general for northern command of the Army of the Potomac in 1861; nicknamed "Tardy George" because of his failure to move troops to Richmond; lost battle vs. General Lee near the Chesapeake Bay; Lincoln fired him twice.
Thirteenth Amendment	abolished slavery
Battle of Gettysburg	a battle of the American Civil War (1863)
Rodger Taney	Chief Justice in the Supreme Court before the Civil War and his decision on Dred Scott vs Sandford made slavery legal in all US
Alabama	British built Confederate commerce raider responsible for capturing over 60 vessels
Fort Sumter	Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War
Robert E. Lee	Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force
William T. Sherman	an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861-65), for which he received recognition for his outstanding command of military strategy and criticism for the harshness of the "scorched earth" policies that he implemented in conducting total war against the Confederate States
Copperheads	a group of northern Democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the Civil War
Battle of Vicksburg	1863, Union gains control of Mississippi, confederacy split in two, Grant takes lead of Union armies, total war begins
Andrew Johnson	A Southerner form Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president.

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Ch 19-22 American Pageant 13th edition

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