Chapter 2: Cell Processes and Energy
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 photosynthesis | process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
| autotroph | an organism that makes its own food |
| heterotroph | an organism that cannot make its own food |
| pigment | a colored chemical compound that absorbs light |
| chlorophyll | the main photosynthetic pigment in chloroplasts |
| stomata | small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move. |
| respiration | the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose |
| fementation | the process that releases energy without using oxygen |
| cell cycle | series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide |
| interphrase | the period of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is not undergoing division, typically occurring between mitotic or meiotic divisions. |
| replication | copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA |
| mitosis | cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes |
| chromosomes | thread like structures that have genetic info that is passed down from one generation to the next |
| cytokinesis | the final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell's cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells. |
| cancer | a disease in which abnormal cells multiply out of control, spread into surrounding tissues and other body parts, and disrupt normal functioning of one or more organs |
| mutation | change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information |
| tumor | an abnormal mass of tissue that can live and reproduce itself, but performs no service to the body |
| chemotherapy | the administration of drugs that harm the cancer cells, but that do not harm the client, or at least do not harm the client as much as the disease does |
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