1.
Aged - related changes in skin: Subcutaneous and dermal tissue become thin
skin is more easily injured
skin has less capacity to insulate
skin wrinkle more easily
sensation of pressure a pain is reduced
Activity of the sebaceous and sweat gland decrease:
Skin becomes dryer.
Pruritus (itching) may occur.
Cell renewal is shorter :
healing time is delayed
melanocytes cells (gray hair) declines
skin color uneven
Collagen fiber is less organized
skin loses elasticity
2.
Dermis: A layer of connective tissue underneath the epidermis of the skin. The dermis contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, sensory receptors, and glands. rest on the subcutaneous tissue.
3.
epidermis: the outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates it is composed of stratified layers of epithelial cells.These cells fuse to for a waterproof protective layer of keratin material. Epithelial cells have no blood vessels of there own and depends on underlying tissues for nourishment and waste removal, they regenerate easily and quickly which is good for use because we are always injuring our skin.
4.
Factors placing an individual at risk for skin alterations: --Lifestyle variables -- Homosexuality,history of multiple sexual partners,IV drug users, hemophiliacs: bisexual male: partners of above.
Occupation or other activity that gives you prolonged exposure to the sun.
-- Changes in health state
dehydration or malnutrition
Reduced sensation local nerve damage paralysis
--Illness
Diabetes mellitus
--diagnosis measures
GI Gastrointestinal series
--Therapeutic measures
Bed rest
Cast
aquathermia unit - wet heat
medications -allergic skin reactions
Radiation therapy -- for cancer pt kills health cells also.
5.
functions of the skin: -protection
-thermo regulation
-- psychosocial self esteem
--sensation- millions of nerve endings
-Vitamin D production
-Immunological -break in surface triggers a -immunological response Platelet plug.
-Absorption medications can be trans dermal
-Elimination- water electrolytes ,nitrogeneous waste
6.
mucous membranes: This membrane lines cavities that open to the outside of the body (digestive, respiratory, excretory, and reproductive tracts). They have a mucous gland, which secretes mucus. This membrane's functions include protection, absorption, and secretion.
7.
Nurse provides skin care: maintenance and identifies risk factors that could lead to skin breaks, and if a break occurs the wound care.
8.
Skin and state of health: proper nutrition circulation, effect the skin,
-very think and obese people have more skin irritation and injury
-Fluid loss through fever,vomit,diarrhea reduces the fluid volume of the body dehydration makes the skin appear loose and flabby.
--Excessive perspiration, often associated with being ill causes skin breakdown especially in the folds.
---Jaundice, a condition caused by excessive bile pigments in the skin results in yellowish colored skin , itchy and dry making pt scratch and break skin.
Diseases of skin - eczema and psoriasis may have genetic causes lesions that require special care.
9.
Skin is: body;s first line of defense against invading organisms -- Any break in skin integrity could lead to life threatening illness or outcome.
10.
Skin, integument is the largest organ of the body and is made up of: skin, subcutaneous layer under the skin, the appendages of the skin, including glands in the skin, hair, and nails also the blood vessels ,nerves, and sensory organs .
11.
subcutaneous tissue: loose connective tissue containing fat cells, blood vessels, nerves, and the remaining portions of sweat glands and hair follicles. It assists with heat regulation and contains the vascular pathways for the supply of nutrients and removal of waste products from the skin
