| Term | Definition |
| Tension | Pulling rocks apart |
| compression | squeezing them together |
| shear | rocks sliding past each other |
| normal fault | rock above the fault surface moves downward |
| reverse fault | rock above the surface is forced up |
| strike-slip fault | rocks on either side of the fault move past eachother without going up or down |
| Primary Waves | Moves in the same direction as the wave is traveling |
| secondary waves | moves at right angles as the wave travels |
| surface waves | moves rocks backward or side-to-side |
| focus | the energy of an earthquake is first released |
| inner core | made of iron and is solid |
| outer core | liquid iron |
| Shadow Zone | an area of earth that doesn't receive seismic waves from an earthquake |
| tsunami | ocean waves caused by earthquakes` |
| magnitude | the measure of the amount of energy released in an earthquake |
| richter scale | the measure of magnitude of a earthquake |
| mercalli scale | measures the intensity of an earthquake |