Chapter 2 Health
Order by
112 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Circulatory System | Bodys transportatory system |
| 4 major functions of the circulatory system | Transport fuel to the body transport waste to the liver and kidneys to be eliminiated transport cells to fight off diseases transport hormones throughout the body |
| 4 major organs of the circulatory system | heart, arteries, veins, capallaries |
| Heart | strongest muscle in the body, muscular pump, cardiac muscle |
| Arteries | largest blood vessels carrying oxygenated blood away from heart. |
| Veins | take deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart. Valves directing blood flows |
| Capallaries | smallest blood cells, carry blood from arteries to body cells to veins. Semipermeable walls allow gases, wastes, nutrients, to exchange between blood and tissues. |
| Kidney | cleanses and proccess 1800 quarts of blood every 50 mins. 2 roles: to cleanse the body and regulate body fluid content |
| Anemia | shortage or inadequate number of red blood cells. (caused by not having enought iron in the body) |
| Leukemia | form of cancer that has an abnormal production of white blood cellls. |
| Hemophilia | disease in which blood is lacking one or more clotting factors (Medicine can help) |
| Arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries caused by not eating healthy or lack of exercise. |
| Strokes | blood flow to one part of the brain is cut off |
| Hypertension | High blood pressure |
| Respiratory System | group of passages to exchange gases |
| Upper Respiratory System | Throat and nose |
| Lower Respiratory System | Lungs |
| Lungs | Main organ of respiratory system; large shaped cone organs on each side of the heart. |
| Alveoli | exchange gases between the lungs. |
| Intercostles | muscles and diaphram contract to inhale and relax to exhale. |
| Common Cold | upper respiratory infection that affects the nose and throat; lower respiratory infection involves the lungs causing you to cough deeply. |
| Pneumonia | infection of the lungs and causes difficult breathing. |
| Bronchitis | swelling or inflamation on the bronchi |
| Asthma | air passages in the bronchial tree swell and constrict |
| Emphesema | air sacs in the lungs become englarges and loose elasticity |
| Lung Cancer | occurs when cells grown out of control and destroy the air sacs in the lungs |
| Skeletal System | framework of the body; provides support and function, act as levers for your muscles. |
| How many bones do we have? | 206 |
| Layers of bones | Periosteum, Compact, Spongy Bones |
| Marrow | produces blood cells and is a place for storage |
| Connective tissue | ligaments, cartilage, joints work together to provide fluid movement. |
| Scoliosis | development of an abnormal curvature of the spine |
| Bursitis | inflmmation on bursa due to excessive stress on the joint |
| Arthritis | inflammation of joints |
| Osteriporosis | loss of bone tissue/density. Spaces become filled with soft tissue |
| Effects of Osterioporosis | Lack of good diet, proper excercise contribute to this order, affects most women after menapols, and can affect older men, and calcium supplements and estrogen replacement therapy. |
| Fractures | break in a bone |
| Dislocation | when bone is pushed out of its joint |
| Sprain | stretching or tearing of ligaments in a joint |
| Muscular System | group of tissues making body part move. |
| How many muscles are there? | 600+ |
| Function of Muscles | they work in pairs to shorten or extendl balancing act |
| Three types of muscles | Cardiac, smooth (inside organs), skeletal |
| Voluntary | You control movement |
| Involuntary | You dont control movement |
| Strain | caused by overworking a muscle or group of muscles. |
| Cramp | results when the muscle cannot relax caused by an electrolyte imbalance. |
| Bruise | blood vessels are broken in the area; caused by indirect blow. |
| Pulled muscle | muscle overused or muscle improperly warmed up and stretched prior to physical activity can cause muscle to tear in the belly or pull away from the bone. |
| Digestive System | defined as the organs that take in and break down food into a chemical form that can be absorbed by the body. |
| Digestion | process in which food is broken down. |
| Alimentary Canal | long muscular canal ( 30 ft) that connects the mouth to the anus. |
| Salivary Glands | Located in the mouth (Beginning of digestion).. Saliva is 99% water, it moistens food and mouth, keeps mouth clean from bacteria, and keeps mouth moist so we can speak. |
| 4 Primary tastes | Sour, Sweet, Salty, Bitter |
| Gall Bladder | pear shaped sac lies underneath the liver, stores bile produced by liver. |
| Bile | breaks down fat in diet |
| Liver | largest inner organ of the body, important organ in body, lies below the diaphram, produces bile. |
| Pancreus | Deals with sugar and insulin balance |
| Small Intestine | connected to the stomach, 18-23 ft in length, 1-1.5 inches wide. Function: absorbs the nutrients into the blood stream via millions of little villi which grab absorbable nutrients. |
| Indigestion | caused by over eating, eating too fast, happens when stoamach acid comes back into the esophagus and your cardiac sphincter doesnt close properly. |
| Ulsers | happens when in the small intestine or stomach has an open sore on the membrane lining. |
| Gallstones | formed when the bile stored in the gallbladder hardens into small crystals, can block the flow of bile and cause pain.. the treatment is removal of the gall bladder. |
| Liver Cirohsis | where enough of the liver cells have been damaged or destroyed that the liver can no longer function right |
| Halitosis | Bad Breath |
| Excretory system | purpose is to provide ways for your body to excrete waste |
| Causes of Food Poisioning | Bulges in the cans, food that isnt refrigerated, food that odors or has discoloration, foods not cooked throughly |
| Large Intestine | begins in the lower right side of abdomen. main function is to excrete waste. Parts: cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal. First half absorbs liquids and second half is storage/excretes waste. |
| Constipation | poor diet and exercise, lack of water, ignoring urge to purge, contribute to feces (waste) to become dry and immobile. |
| Diarrhea | too much water in the bowels causing loose feces passed often. |
| Flatulence | Gas |
| Kidney Stones | calcium stones inside kidney that can be passed in urine or cant be passed at all |
| Urinary tract infection | caused by bladder infection, pain while peeing, back pain. |
| Cancer | colon cancer on the rise |
| Integumentary System | skin, nails, hair, sweat glands, oil glands. |
| 3 functions of Skin | protection, regulation of body temperature, sensitivity |
| Warts | caused by virus, harmless until bothersome ( if changing color or shape, call doctor and get them removed) |
| Colluses and Corns | buildup of skin caused by pressure of friction on feet. |
| Fever blisters | usually caused by herpes simplex 1 virus. |
| Basal cell carcinoma | skin cancer.. most common least dangerous |
| Squamous cell carinoma | skin cancer... more serious and commonly metasizes |
| Immune System | works with Lymphatic system to help fight off infection |
| Natural Immunity | Ability to fight off a normal cold without medicine from a doctor. |
| Aquired Immunity | uses medicine/shots to help fight off diseases.. gives the body the ability to recognize certain intruders and become resistance to them. |
| Lymphocytes | B and T cells each with their own function. |
| Immunodefiency Disorders | result of the body's failure to fight off infection or tumors |
| Oppurtunistic infections | can take advantage of a weakend immune system and cause more sever symptoms than they would normally |
| what does AIDS mean? | Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
| Autoimmune Disease | your immune system mistakes it own cells for infections and start fighting itself |
| Central Nervous System | made up of the brain and spinal cord, purpose to maintain homeosatis |
| Periphal Nervous System | made up of perpheral nerves stemming from the spinal cord |
| Somatic Nervous System | ability to sense and respond to things from the outside environment. |
| Autonomic Nervous System | controls internal involuntary environment |
| Pinched Nerve | caused by injury when part of the spine is displaced and pinches or squeezes a nerve. |
| Epilepsy | brain disorder caused by sudden burst of activity |
| Cerebral Policy | the cerebrum of the brain is damaged causing muscle spasms, poor balance. |
| Multiple Serosis | outer coating of the nerves is destroyed therefore the person loses control over some parts over the body |
| Endocrine System | Secrete hormones to send messages to cells in the body. |
| Hormones | Function: energy control, sugar and insulin balance, water and salt balance, human growth can causes dramatic emotions. |
| Pituiatory Gland | releases growth hormones, too much or too little effects how much a person grows |
| Hypothyroidism | Little hormones produced |
| Hyperthyroidism | Too much hormones produced |
| Diabetes | body cannot properly utilized glucose, the disorder is in the release of insulin or lack of insulin. |
| Prostate Gland | produces seminal fluid that is added to sperm to make semen |
| Testis | glands producing sperm |
| Scrotum | sac surrounding testes |
| penis | organ that is used for urination and reproduction |
| Inguinal Hernia | happens when a hole opens in the abdominal wall and a piece of intesting pushes through the scrotum |
| Ovaries | store eggs, you have a certain amount of eggs that you are born with. Release one agg a month |
| Uterus | muscular sac in abdomen provides a place for fertalized egg to grow. |
| Vagina | Birth canal |
| What is PMS | Premenstrail Syndrome |
| Vaginitis | infection of the vagina causing itching and irratation |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.