Psych 111 ch 3
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56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 In the human body how many pairs of chromosomes does each cell have? | 23 |
| Which gene is expressed in the offspring whenever it is present? | dominant |
| which Gene is expressed only when it is matched with a similar gene from the other parent? | recessive |
| What is a term for the genetic makeup? | genotype |
| what is a term for the physical expression of the genetic makeup? | phenotype |
| What is a statistical estimate of the variation, caused by differences in heredity, in a trait within a population? (can NOT be applied individually) | heritability |
| Does genetics (nature) completely determine behavior and outcomes? What else is there? | no. nurture/epigenetics |
| What are tags that turn gene expression on or off depending on different triggers? | epigenetics |
| what are the three types of neurons? | sensory, motor, interneuron (glial cells) |
| what is the electrical signal that passes along the axon and causes the release of chemicals that transmit signals to other neurons? | action potential |
| know the parts of the neuron | ... |
| an action potential goes between what two numbers? | -70 to +50 |
| what is the small gap of exposed action between the myelin sheath that allows for negatively and positively charged ions to pass in and out of the cell when the neuron transmits signals down the axon? | node of ranvier |
| what is a fatty material, made up of glial cells, that insulates the axon and allows for the rapid movement of electrical impulses along the axon? | myelin sheath |
| what type of neuron is afferent and detects information from the physical world and passes that info along to the brain? | sensory neuron |
| what type of neuron is efferent and directs muscles to contract or relax, thereby producing movement (takes info from CNS to PNS)? | motor neuron |
| what type of neuron communicates only with other neurons, typically within specific brain regions? | interneuron |
| What is the depolarization wave moving along axon (communication from cell body to terminal buttons), happens at +50 | propagation |
| what is time between a neuron firing and when it can fire again, happens at -70 | refractory period |
| What do we call the chemical substances that are used to send signals between neurons? | neurotransmitters |
| What is the process in which A neurotransmitter is taken back into the presynaptic terminal buttons, thereby stopping its activity? | reuptake |
| what happens in split brain patients? | shown something on left side, won't be able to see or say what it is, but can draw it. however, if shown something on right side, will be able to see and say what it is. why? language resides in the left lobe |
| the ability of the brain to recover and rewire after injury is called (basically brain can change and adapt)? | plasticity |
| what is the function of the Broca's Area? (3) | Production of language, motor, talking |
| what is the function of amygdala? (2) | process emotion |
| What is the function of the basal ganglia? | Initiation of planned movement |
| What is the function of the brainstem? | Basic survival programs (swallowing, vomiting, etc.) |
| What is the function of the cerebellum? (2) | Balance, coordination |
| what is the function of the cerebral cortex? (2) | Where memories are stored, thoughts |
| what is the function of the hippocampus? | Memory formation |
| what is the function of the hypothalamus? (5) | Stress, hormones, sleep, arousal, regulates body functions |
| what is the function of the reticular formation? | Part of the brain stem formation |
| what is the function of the thalamus? | Relay station. (The gateway to the brain; receives almost all incoming sensory information before that information reaches the cortex--Olfaction does not pass the Thalamus) |
| what is the function of the corpus callosum? | Bridge between brain hemispheres |
| what is the function of the occipital lobe? | Sight |
| what is the function of the parietal lobe? (2) | Sensation, visual spacial information |
| what is the function of the temporal lobe? (3) | Hearing, taste, object recognition |
| what is the function of the frontal lobe? | Movement |
| what is function of the prefrontal cortex? (4) | Thoughts, planning, personality, executive functions |
| what is the function of the spinal cord? (2) | transmits signals |
| Where is the prefrontal cortex located? | in the frontal lobe |
| what does the spinal cord have a lot of? | interneurons |
| what two things greatly affect behavior and psychological traits? | genes and environment |
| In humans, how are genes passed to successive generations? | reproduction |
| what are codons? | base pair triplet |
| what do codons code for? | amino acids |
| what do amino acids code for/make up? | proteins |
| What/who is used to study epigenetics? | identical twins |
| what type of neuron is most abundant and where are they mostly located? | interneuron, spinal cord |
| what makes the blood brain barrier and also makes the myelin sheath? | glial cells |
| does an action potential fire in intervals? | no it's all or nothing |
| what lobe does language reside in? | left lobe |
| where is the somatisensory cortex located? | parietal lobe |
| where is the primary motor cortex located? | frontal lobe |
| where is the hippocampus located? | temporal lobe |
| what medication is an anti-depressant and blocks reuptake? (this does NOT create more neurotransmitters, but by blocking reuptake allows more neurotransmitters to be available) | prozac |
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