Developmental Psych Ch 8
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 g (general intelligence)- | the part of intelligence that is common to all intellectual tasks |
| Fluid intelligence | the ability to think on the spot |
| Crystallized intelligence- | factual knowledge of the world: knowledge of word meaning, state capitals, answer to arithmetic problems, etc. |
| Primary mental abilities | L.L. Thurstone came up with a theory that intelligence has seven abilities: word fluency, verbal meaning, reasoning, spatial visualization, numbering, rote memory, and perceptual speed |
| Three-stratum theory of intelligence | There is a hierarchy of intelligence: 1. G, 2. Eight moderately general abilities (both fluid and crystallized intelligence), 3. Many specific processes - Caroll's model of intelligence |
| Stanford-Binet intelligence test | Designed for 2-year-olds where it tests their recognition of objects, learning and memory, and perceptual skill and motor combination |
| Stanford-Binet intelligence test | Designed for 10-year-oldswhere it tests verbal ability, general information and reasoning, and problem solving and reasoning |
| Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC) | A widely used test designed to measure intelligence of children 6-years-old and older. |
| IQ | A summary measure used to indicate a child's intelligence relative to others of the same sex |
| Normal distribution | A pattern of data in which scores fall symmetrically around a mean value, with most scores falling close to the mean and fewer and fewer scores farther from the mean |
| Standard deviation | A measure of the variability scores in a distribution; in a normal distribution, 68% of scores fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean and 95% of scores fall within 2 standard deviations |
| Multiple intelligence theory | Gardner's theory of intellect, based on the view that people possess at least eight types of intelligence (linguistic, logical mathematics, spatial abilities, musical, naturalistic, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal and interpersonal abilities) |
| Theory of successful intelligence | Sternberg's theory on intellect, based on the view that intelligence is the ability to achieve success in life |
| phonemic awareness | the ability to identify component sounds within words (phonemic awareness is both correlated with later reading achievement as well as a cause of it) |
| phonological recoding skills | the ability to translate letters into sounds and to blend sounds into words (this is generally referred to as sounding out) |
| Phonological recoding | involves converting the visual form of a word into a verbal, speechlike form and using the speechlike form to determine the word's meaning |
| Visually based retrieval | involves processing in word's meaning directly from its visual form |
| Strategy choice process | procedure for selecting among alternative ways of solving problems (the fastest approach that is likely to be correct) |
| Mental model | processes used to represent a situation or sequence of events |
| Comprehension monitoring | the process of keeping track of one's understanding of a verbal description or text |
| Metacognitive understanding | recognizing that readers may not have the same knowledge as the writer and that one therefore should include all the information that readers will need to allow them to grasp what is being said |
| Mathematical equality | the concept that the values on each side of the equal sign must be equivalent |
| Gesture-speech mismatches | a phenomenon in which hand movements and verbal statements convey different ideas |
| Self-discipline | The ability to inhibit actioms, follow rules and avoid impulsive reactions |
| Practical intelligence | Mental abilities not measured on IQ tests but important for success in many situations, such as accurately reading other peoples emotions and intentions and motivating others to work effectively as a team |
| Flynn effect | The rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the past 75 years in many countries |
| Carolina abecaderian project | A comprehensive and successful enrichment program for children from low-income families |
| Dyslexia | The inability to read well despite normal intelligence |
| Phonological processing | The ability to discriminate and remember sounds within words |
| Pre K mathematics | A program designed for preschoolers esp those from low income families to prevent maths disabilities through exposure to a variety of numerical activities |
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