Psy 202 Midterm pt. 2
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Created by:
briank1724 on February 6, 2012
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71 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Stress | response elicited in an individual when they are overwhelmed by a situation. Perception is important. |
| Stimulus view | focus on situations that cause stress |
| Response view | focus on physiological effects |
| Relational view | focus on how individuals react to personal situations. (Appraisal) |
| Appraisal | how a person makes sense of the situation they are in |
| Primary appraisal | what does this mean to me |
| Secondary appraisal | person assesses their resources to deal with situation could be wrong |
| Coping | anything to deal with stress or emotions |
| Problem focused coping | change the situation that creates the stress, can be aggressive |
| Emotional focused coping | regulate distress. Good when stressors are out of your control. Many are to suppress or deny emotions, which are not good. |
| Social support coping | Social networks influenced in providing resources in coping, whether practical or emotional. Longer lives, less susceptible to common colds. Can be good or bad. |
| Psychosomatic theory | gave rise to health psychology. How do emotions affect illness? |
| Physiological reactivity model | sustained activation of emergency ore leads to bodily damage. our body thinks we are in crisis. Usually dealt w/ active coping but these days people have no action outlet |
| Cardiovascular effects | increased blood pressure = heart disease |
| Immune system effects | body releases cortisol = immunosuppressive effect |
| Cohen cold study | exposed people to the common cold, measured stressors, perception of stress, socioeconomic status, perception of SES, and social support. Found: number of stressor and SES didn't predict as much as perception did. |
| Acquired immunity | immunity provided by antibodies or cells produced in the body in response to specific antigens |
| Adrenal-medulla system | a major neuroendocrine pathway stimulated during stress in which the hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system |
| Alarm stage | the phase of the general adaptation syndrome in which all of the body's resources respond to a perceived threat |
| Allostasis | process by which the body achieves stability through physiological change |
| Anorexia nervosa | an eating disorder in which people cannot maintain 85% of their ideal body weight for their height, have an intense dear of eating and have a distorted body image |
| Antigen | any foreign substance that triggers and immune response |
| Bulimia nervosa | An eating disorder characterized by a perceived lack of control during the eating session |
| Cardiovascular reactivity model | hypothesis that hostility can increase the likelihood or heart disease through at least two different pathways |
| Cardio vascular system | the heart, blood and all the blood vessels |
| Catecholamines | hormones that control ANS activation |
| Cellular immunity | the immune response that occurs when the T lymphocytes fight antigens |
| Coping | act of dealing with stress or emotions |
| Cortisol | the stress hormone, it is produced by the body to mobilize the body's energy resources during stressful situations |
| Emotional disclosure | way of coping with stress through writing of talking about the situation |
| Emotion-focused coping | way of dealing with stress that aims to regulate the experience of distress |
| Exhaustion stage | the phase of the general adaptation syndrome when all resources for fighting the threat have been depleted and the illness is more likely |
| General-adaptation syndrome | a defined by Hans Selye, a generalized, nonspecific set of changes in the body that occur during extreme stress |
| Glucocorticoids | hormones responsible for maintaining the activation of physiological system during emergencies |
| Health behavior approach | explanation for illness or health that focuses on the role of behaviors such as diet, exercise and substance abuse |
| Health psychology | the study of psychological factors related to health and illness |
| Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis | a major neuroendocrine pathway relevant to the stress response involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and teh adrenal cortex |
| Natural immunity | form of immunity that is the first response to antigens |
| Neuroendocrine system | the hormonal systems involved in emotions and stress |
| Norepinephrine | a neurotransmitter that activates the sympathetic response to stress, increasing heart rate, rate of respiration, and blood pressure in support of rapid action |
| Primary appraisal | quick assessment of the meaning of a given environmental event for the individual |
| Problem-focused coping | way of dealing with stress that aims to change the situation that is creating stress |
| Psychological reactivity model | explanation for illness or health that focuses on the role of behaviors such as diet, exercise, and substance abuse |
| Psychoneuroimmunology | the science of how psychological factors relate to changes in the immune system |
| Psychosomatic theory | the idea that emotional factors can lead to the occurrence or worsening of illness |
| Resistance stage | in the general adaptation syndrome, extended effort by the body to deal with a threat |
| Secondary appraisal | self-assessment of the resources available to cope with stress |
| Stress | A response elicited when a situation overwhelms a person's perceived ability to meet the demands of a situation |
| Stressors | events that trigger a stress response |
| Type A behavior pattern | a way of responding to challenge or stress, characterized by hostility, impatience, competitiveness, and time urgency |
| Humanistic Approach | Explaining how we become who we are. personal growth and greater understanding over time |
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | theory of motivation pyramid process of self actualization |
| Self Actualization | Humans seek the fulfillment of personal growth through greater self understanding |
| Carl Rogers - Person Centered Approach | children give up their true wishes and dreams to maintain the love they have from parents only accepting the part of themselves that matches parental expectations. -> Encouraged parents to have unconditional love |
| Eysenck's Hierarchical model | one trait described using a bunch of traits, ex. Extroversion -> sociability, dominance, assertiveness, liveliness, activity |
| The Big Five O C E A N | Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism |
| Neuroticism | worry, calm, secure, self pitying etc. more anxiety and depression less satisfied with romantic relationships and poor occupational outcomes |
| Openness to Experience | more likely to be politically liberal and greater occupational creativity |
| Conscientiousness | Superior health greater longevity and greater occupational success |
| Extraversion | less depression, greater peer acceptance, greater volunteerism and more likely to engage in activities that require leadership |
| Agreeableness | reduced risk for heart disease greater peer acceptance and less criminal behavior |
| Social Cognitive Approach | personality as an interpretation of social worlds Personal beliefs, expectations and interpretations of social situations shape personality |
| Locus of Control | ability to bring about your own positive outcomes |
| Self Efficacy | Feeling competent and able to achieve goals |
| Self Regulation | ability to control our emotions and delay gratification |
| Idiographic Approach | assumes each individual is unique. case studies, interviews, biographical info |
| Nomothetic Approach | shared characteristics, similar traits in unique combos, Meyers Briggs Test, surveys/self reports |
| Projective Measures | psychodynamic, aim to get unconscious thoughts, person given ambiguous stimuli to describe TAT and Rorschach inkblots |
| Objective Measures | based on what is believed/observable |
| Neurophysiological Mechanisms | Theoretical approaches as to how biological factors account for thoughts, emotions and behaviors |
| Han Eysenck ARAS model | difference between extroverts and introverts depends on cortical arousal or alertness from physical stimulus (regulated by the Ascending Reticular Activating System) |
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