AP Biology Chapter 22 Key Terms
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smithan123 on February 6, 2012
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Gas Exchange | involves breathing, transport of gases, and exchange with body cells |
| Respiratory Surface | the part of the environment where gas exchange occurs |
| Gills | extensions, or outfoldings, of the body surface specialized for gas exchange |
| Tracheal System | an extensive system of branching internal tubes called tracheae, with a moist, thin epithelium forming the respiratory surface at their tips |
| Lungs | internal sacs lined with moist epithelium |
| Ventilation | used to refer to any mechanism the increases the flow of water or air over the respiratory surface |
| Countercurrent exchange | the flow of blood inside a gill in a direction opposite the movement of water past the gill makes it possible for oxygen to diffuse into the blood by an efficient process called this |
| Diaphragm | a sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity |
| pharynx | the place in your throat where the paths for air and food cross |
| larynx | the upper part of the respiratory tract |
| vocal cords | two muscles that create sound when they vibrate |
| Bronchi | the two main branches of the tracheae leading to each lung |
| bronchioles | branches of bronchi in lungs |
| alveoli | grapelike clusters of air sacs at the end of bronchioles in the lungs |
| Surfactants | secretions that reduce the surface tension in alveoli that keep them from sticking shut |
| Breathing | the alternate inhalation and exhalation of air, maintains high O2 and CO2 concentrations at the respiratory surface |
| negative pressure breathing | flowing from a region of higher pressure to one of lower pressure, air is pulled through the nostrils and down the breathing tubes to the alveoli |
| Vital Capacity | the volume of air breathed in during maximum inhalation |
| Residual Volume | the amount of "dead" air that stays in your lungs when you breath out |
| Breathing control center | located in the medulla oblongata, it ensures that your breathing rate is coordinated with your bodies need for oxygen |
| partial pressure | each kind of gas in a mixture accounts for a portion of the total pressure of the mixture, thus each gas has what is called this |
| hemoglobin | an iron-containing pigment that turns red when it binds to O2, is present in red blood cells |
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