1.
3-D maps of the Earth's interior produced from seismic waves: seismic topography
2.
5x as dense as common surface rocks at the planet's center: inner core
3.
along convergent boundaries, a mix of granite and basalt: andesite
4.
area of descending older oceanic lithosphere: subduction zones
5.
area where "continental and oceanic lithosphere are joined so there is no plate boundary. as the oceanic crust cools it increases in density, thickens and subsides. this results in a continental lithosphere to subside as well.": passive margin
6.
area where new sea floor is created above rising magma: spreading centers
7.
areas of deep earthquake activity at subduction zones: Wadat-Benioff zones
8.
average spreading rate of plates: 5 cm/year
9.
chemical discontinuity between the crust and mantle: Moho
10.
continental crust is made up mostly of what type of rock: granite
11.
current US drilling rig: JOIDES Resolution
12.
device that measures temperature electronically: thermister
13.
Earth's N-S orientation reverses for varying periods of geologic time: polar reversal
14.
Earth's two opposite poles (north and south): dipole
15.
first US drilling rig: Glomar Challenger
16.
flat-topped seamounts: guyots
17.
fossil magnetism that results when the temperature of rock drops below a critical leavel (580*C): Curie temperature
18.
gradual sloping mountain ranges with broad width: rises
19.
granular, dark-colored igneous (basalt) rock: gabbro
20.
internal pressure under land blocks and ocean basins remaining constant: isostasy
21.
isolated volcanic activity: hot spots
22.
largest plate: Pacific Plate
23.
lateral movement of oceanic lithosphere: oceanic spreading
24.
less dense material rises and is replaced by more dense material (mantle and air mass): convection cells
25.
makes up 70% of the Earth's volume at 2866 km thick: mantle
26.
material that convects slowly in teh lower mantle: mesosphere
27.
measure of mass per unit volume: density
28.
model of continental drift and seafloor spreading: plate tectonics
29.
northern continents were fused into __ long ago: Laurasia
30.
ocean around Pangaea: Panthalassa
31.
ocean ridges typically have a central _____ (ocean rises do NOT): rift valley
32.
oceanic crust is made up mostly of what type of rock: basalt
33.
outermost layer of the Earth: crust
34.
plates move away from each other: divergent plate boundaries
35.
plates move toward each other: convergent plate boundaries
36.
plates slide past one another: transform boundary
37.
plot of the apparent location of the north magnetic pole: polar wandering curve
38.
point at the Earth's surface directly above the earthquake location: epicenter
39.
region of the mantle right below the lithosphere: asthenosphere
40.
rigid surface shell of the Earth: lithosphere
41.
rounded flows of molten lava along diverging plate boundaries: pillow lava
42.
seismic wave type that move faster than any other, and are first to arrive at a recording station: primary waves
43.
seismic wave type that travel more slowly the P-waves: secondary waves
44.
significant and rapid changes in the elevation of the seafloor: escarpment
45.
single supercontinent: Pangaea
46.
small crustal fragments bounded by faults: terranes
47.
southern continents were fused into _ long ago: Gondwanaland
48.
steep mountain ranges of narrow width: ridges
49.
study of fossil magnetism: paleomagnetism
50.
sunken rift zone: graben
51.
the actual earthquake location: hypocenter or focus
52.
this type of plate boundary is often marked by odean trenches where oceanic lithosphere is subducted beneath continental lithosphere: leading margin
