1.
Alliteration: the repition of initial identical consonant sounds or any vowel sounds in successive or closely associated syllables, especially stressed syllables
2.
Anapest: A metrical foot consisting of three syllables, with two unaccented syllables followed by an accented one
3.
Apostrophe: a figure of speech in which someone (usually, but not always absent), some abstract quality, or a nonexistent personage is directly addressed as though present
4.
Assonance: Similar vowel sounds in stressed syllables that end with different consonant sounds. Assonance differs from rhyme in that rhyme is a similarity of vowel and consonant. "Lake" and "fake" demonstrate rhyme; "lake" and "fate" assonance.
5.
Blank Verse: Unrhymed iambic pantameter. This form, generally accepted as the best adapted to dramatic verse in Ebglish, is commonly used for long poems whether dramatic, philosophic, or narrative.
6.
Cacophony: A harsh, unpleasant, combination of sounds or tones
7.
Caesura: A pause or break in a line of verse. It is an instrument of prose rhythm that cuts across ad, by varying, modifies the regularity of accentual verse.
8.
Carpe Diem: "Seize the Day." Literature, especially lyric poems, which exemplify the spirit of "Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we shall die." This was a famous theme in 16th and 17th century english love poetry.
9.
Closed Couplet/Heroic Couplet: Two successive lines rhyming aa and containing a dramatically complete, independent statement. It is "closed" in the sense that its meaning is complete with the two lines and does not depend on what precedes or follows for its grammatical structure. Heroic couplets ae iambic pentameter lines rhymed in pairs.
10.
Conceit: The term designates an ingenious and fanciful notion or conception, usually expressed through an elaborate analogy and pointing to a striking parallel between ostensibly dissimilar things.
11.
Consonance: The use at the ends of verses of words in which the final consonants in the stressed syllables agree but the vowels that precede them differ, as "add-read," "Bill-ball," and "born-burn." It is also sometimes called half rhyme or slant rhyme.
12.
Dactyl: A foot consisting of on accented syllable followed by two unaccented. i.e. Manikin.
/ - -
13.
Dimeter: 2 feet
14.
Dissonance: Harsh and inharmonious sounds, a marked breaking of the music of a verse of poetry, which may be intentional, as it often is in Browning and Hardy, but when unintentional is a flaw.
15.
Dramatic Monologue: A poem that reveals a "soul in action" through the speech of one character in a dramatic situation.
16.
Elegy: A sustained and formal poem setting forth he poet"s meditations on death or another solemn theme. Often occasioned by death of a particular person.
17.
End Rhyme: The correspondence between sounds of words at the ends of lines of poetry.
18.
English/Shakespearean Sonnet: Fourteen lines, 3 quatrains and a couplet. Rhymes ababcdcdefefgg. Couplet is often complementary and an epigrammatic close.
19.
Enjambment: The continuation of the sense and grammatical construction of a verse or couplet on to the next verse or couplet. Occurs in run-on lines and offers contrast to end-stoped lines.
20.
Epic: A long, narrative poem in elevated style representing characters of high position in a series of adventures which form an organic whole through their relation to a central figure of heroic proportions.
21.
Euphony: A quality of style marked by pleasing combinations of sounds
22.
Figurative Language: Intentional departure from the normal order, construction, or meaning of words in order to gain strength and freshness of an expression, to create a pictorial effect, to describe, blah blah blah.
23.
Free Verse: Poetry based on the irregular rhythmic cadence of the recurrence, with variations, of phrases, images, and syntactical patterns rather than the conventional use of meter. Rhyme may or may not occur, but when it does it is used with great freedom.
24.
Hectameter: 7 feet
25.
Hexameter: 6 feet
26.
Iamb: - /
Most common metrical foot, i.e. Shakespeare
27.
Idyll: A descriptive term applied to one or another of the poetic genres that are short and possess marked descriptive, narrative, and pastoral qualities.
28.
Italian/Petrarchan Sonnet: A fourteen line poem with an octave and sestet, rhymes abbaabbacdecde.
29.
Kenning: A stereotyped figurative phrase used in Old English as a synonym for a simple noun. They are often picturesque metaphorical compounds. i.e. "swan road"
30.
Litotes: A form of understatement in which a thing is affirmed by stating the negative of its opposite. i.e. "She was not unmindful" means "She gave careful attention."
31.
Lyric: A brief subjective poem strongly marked by imagination, melody, and emotion, creating a single, unified impression.
32.
Metaphor: Comparison, implied analogy, you should know this.
33.
Meter: The recurrence in poetry of rhythmic pattern, or the rhythm established by the regular or almost regular occurrence of similar units of sound pattern.
34.
Metonymy: A figure of speech characterized by the substitution of a term naming an object closely associated with the word in mind for the word itself.
35.
Monometer: 1 foot
36.
Octameter: 8 feet
37.
Octave: First eight lines of an italian sonnet.
38.
Ode: A single, unified strain of exalted lyrical verse, directed to a single purpose, and dealing with one theme. In manner the ode is an elaborate lyric, expressed in language, dignified, sincere, and imaginative and intellectual in tone. Three types: Pindaric (regular), Horatian (homostrophic), and irregular.
39.
Onomatopeia: Words that suggest their own sound..... duh.
40.
Oxymoron: A self-contradictory combo of words or smaller verbal units; usually noun-noun, adjective-adjective, adjective-noun, adverb-adverb, or avert-verb.
41.
Pastoral: A poem treating of shepherds and rustic life.
42.
Pentameter: 5 feet
43.
Personification: Endows beings or inanimate objects with human form, character, or sensibilities.
44.
Quatrain: A stanza of four lines. Possible rhyme schemes vary, with abab being the most common. Other popular quatrain rhyme schemes are aabb; abba; aaba; abcb.
45.
Rhyme Scheme: The pattern or sequence in which the rhyme sounds occur in a stance or poem.
46.
Sestet: Second, six line division of an Italian Sonnet. Most authentic rhyme scheme is cdecde. Usually makes specific a general statement.
47.
Simile: Comparison with like or as
48.
Spondee: / /
49.
Synaesthesia: The concurrent response of two or more of the senses to the stimulation of one. i.e. description of sounds as colors, etc.
50.
Synecdoche: Figure of speech where part iginifies whole or the whole signifies the part.
51.
Tetrameter: 4 feet
52.
Trimeter: 3 feet
53.
Trochee: / -
i.e. Happy
54.
Villanelle: Fixed, nineteen line form, originally French, employing two rhymes and repeating two of the lines according to a set pattern. Line 1 is repeated as lines 6, 12, and 18; line 3 as lines 9, 15, and 19. First and third rhymes return as a couplet at the end. Rhyme scheme is abs abs abs abs abaa.
