Ch 6: Civil Rights
Order by
23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 civil rights | refers to the government-protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals based on categories such as race, sex, national origin, age, religion, or sexual orientation |
| thirteenth amendment | one of the three civil war amendments; specifically bans slavery in the US |
| black codes | laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War |
| fourteenth amendment | one of the three civil war amendments; guarantees equal protection and due process of the laws to all US citizens |
| fifteenth amendment | one of the three civil war amendments; specifically enfranchised newly freed male slaves |
| Jim Crow laws | laws enacted by southern states that discriminated against blacks by creating "whites only" schools, theaters, hotels, and other public accommodations |
| Civil Rights cases (1883) | name attached to five cases brought under the Civil Rights Act of 1875. In 1883, the Supreme Court decided that discrimination in a variety of public accommodations, including theaters, hotels, and railroads, could not be prohibited by the act because such discrimination was private discrimination and not state discrimination |
| poll tax | a tax levied in many southern states and localities that had to be paid before an eligible voter could cast a ballot |
| grandfather clause | voting qualification provision in many southern states that allowed only those whose grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction to vote unless they passed a wealth or literacy test |
| suffrage movement | the drive for voting rights for women that took place in the United States from 1890 to 1920 |
| nineteenth amendment | amendment to the constitution that guaranteed women the right to vote |
| Brown v Board of Education (1954) | US Supreme Court decision holding that school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violates the Fourteenth amendment's guarantee of equal protection' marked the end of legal segregation in the United States |
| equal protection clause | section of the fourteenth amendment that guarantees that all citizens receive "equal protection of the laws" |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | legislation passed by congress to outlaw segregation in public facilities and racial discrimination in employment, education, and voting; created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission |
| de jure discrimination | racial segregation that is a direct result of law or official policy |
| de facto discrimination | racial discrimination that results from practice (such as housing patterns or other social or institutional, non-governmental factors) rather than the law |
| equal employment opportunity commission | federal agency created to enforce the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which forbids discrimination on the basis of race, creed, national origin, religion, or sex in hiring, promotion, or firing |
| Equal Rights Amendment | proposed amendment that would bar discrimination against women by federal or state governments |
| Title IX | provision of the Educational Amendments of 1972 that bars educational institutions receiving federal funds from discriminating against female students |
| affirmative action | policies designed to give special attention or compensatory treatment to members of a previously disadvantaged group |
| suspect classification | category or class, such as race, that triggers the highest standard of scrutiny from the Supreme Court |
| strict scrutiny | a heightened standard of review used by the Supreme Court to determine the constitutional validity of a challenged practice |
| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | Plessy challenged a Louisiana statute requiring that railroads provide separate accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment |
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