Historiography test
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55 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 John Winthrop | Puritan, led Massachusetts Bay Colony when it began in 1630. Wrote model of Christian charity "city upon a hill" and also helped draft the "Cambridge Agreement" |
| Anne Hutchinson | critic of Mass. clergy, had meetings to critique sermons, fled to Rhode Island |
| Roger Williams | founder of Rhode Island, wrote "Bloody Tenant of Persecution" feared settlement was growing too close to a theocracy and did not want a mix of church and state because he feared for the church |
| John Eliot | Puritan missionary who converted enemies --> "praying Indians" |
| Massasoit | Metacomets father who kept peace |
| Metacomet | "King Philip" wanted to fight colonists and praying Indians, died in swamp fight |
| General Court | of Massachusetts, approved new towns, first governing body |
| Samuel Parris | preacher at Salem |
| Model of Christian Charity | famous sermon given by John Winthrop during the voyage across the Atlantic, telling his followers that they were going to found "A city on a hill" |
| Puritanism | the beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans (most of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic aspects, corruption, and unjust mix of church and state.) |
| Congregationalism | antithesis of hierarchy, agreement within the group |
| Covenant theology | root ideas into faith alone |
| Calvinism | 1. total depravity 2. general and special calling 3. visible and invisible saints 4. predestination "election" 5. convenant theology |
| predestination | fate already decided by God |
| King Philip's War | very blood war, Metacom vs. praying Indians after a praying Indian murders a native american, basically eliminates future conflict because of the violence, message sent by english, etc |
| Edmund Andros/Dominion of New England | Andros was royal governor of the Dominion of New England (all the upper colonies combined), wanted the Church of England and new taxes, also the DONE voided other charters. overthrowing and arresting Andros begins mindset of colonial self sufficiency |
| Phillis Wheatley | American poet (born in Africa) who was the first recognized Black writer in America (1753-1784), wrote about Whitefield after his death |
| Old Deluder Law | (Old Deluder refers to Satan) code demanding literacy, as you need to be literate to read the bible. Part of New England Way |
| body of liberties | The first legal code to be established by European colonists in New England. Compiled by the Puritan minister Nathaniel Ward, the laws were established by the Massachusetts General Court in 1641. |
| William Penn | Quaker, owner of the proprietary colony Pennsylvania. Nifty guy |
| "Holy Experiment" | Religious toleration in Pennsylvania as long as you worship the one Christian God |
| John Woolman | Quaker preacher, against cruelty of slavery etc |
| Quaker (Society of Friends) theology | Liberty of Conscience: spiritual potential of all, no ordained ministers, frowned on oaths/loyalty to state, infuse Penn and Quaker way with an egalitarian and anti-elitist society |
| William Berkeley | a Governor of Virginia, appointed by King Charles I, of whom he was a favorite. He was governor from 1641-1652 and 1660-1677. Berkeley enacted friendly policies towards the Indians that led to Bacon's Rebellion in 1676. Leaves due to royal investigation, had the system of second sons |
| Nathaniel Bacon | a farmer in the backcountry, his resentment of Berkeley and the unbalanced power of the Virginia government, lead to a rebellion, by him and other backcountry farmers. When Berkeley refused to let Bacon and other farmers fight nearby Indians, he went into Jamestown, with his own militia, burned most of the city, and drove Berkeley out of town. |
| John Smith | "work or don't eat" mentality at Jamestown |
| John Rolfe | introduced tobacco to Jamestown |
| Pocahontas | example of what Native Americans should be: converted, became civilized, etc |
| Powhatan/Powhatan Confederacy | friend chief, trying to make own empire of tribes, just wanted english technology and goods |
| Opechancanough | brother of Powhatan, not friendly towards the colonists and was violent |
| tobacco culture | lots of tobacco, helped bring success and slavery to colonies |
| headright system | Headrights were parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists. |
| Roanoke | experimental settlement led by John White, vanished but left the word CROATAN |
| House of Burgesses | the first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619, representative colony set up by England to make laws and levy taxes but England could veto its legistlative acts.led by Berkeley |
| Stono Rebellion | The most serious slave rebellion in the the colonial period which occurred in 1739 in South Carolina. 100 African Americans rose up, got weapons and killed several whites then tried to escape to S. Florida. The uprising was crushed and the participants executed. The main form of rebellion was running away, though there was no where to go. |
| Indentures | sign up for trip to new world in exchange for promised labor |
| royal, charter, and propietary colonies | royal: backed by monarchy (Virginia). Charter: approved by monarchy but run by private company (Mass). Proprietary: hereditary (Penn). |
| James I | King of England when Jamestown was founded |
| Joint-stock companies | an association of individuals in a business enterprise with transferable shares of stock, much like a corporation except that stockholders are liable for the debts of the business |
| Charles I, English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell | Charles the I was beheaded, and with his death a weird type of government was formed in which Oliver Cromwell was leader, called a "council of states" |
| Charles II | tossed out Dutch for NY (Gave to James II, the Duke of York), tries to combine together the Dominion of New England |
| James II | tries to combine together the Dominion of New England, leaves vacated power after becoming King in New York |
| Glourious Revolution | In 1688 Parliament removed King James 2nd from the throne and asked William and Mary Netherland to rule. Demonstrated 1. Parliament did not want a Catholic King and 2. Parliament had justifiable power |
| William and Mary | Daughter of James II and William of Orange, the new protestant monarchs |
| Leisler's Rebellion | Leisler became leader upon James the II's absence. When power tried to return Leisler refused to give it up, he was killed. importance -- introduced lively political economy in NY |
| Navigation Acts | only trade with England, meant to attack dutch. goods had to go to London first before anywhere else |
| French and Indian War (Seven Years' War) | French move in to interior N. America, colonists/english tell them to leave. they come across a french diplomat and pick a fight. respond by overruning Fort necessity, send Washington to send a message. Brits do better after 1758 with William Pitt in charge as he gets the colonists on their side. Brits win Quebec and the war ends with "Treaty of Paris." Resulted in the French losing a ton of land and with Spain and Britain gaining a ton |
| George Whitefield | great awakening preacher who focused on revivalism |
| Revivalism | an attempt to reawaken the evangelical faith |
| 1607 | Founding of Jamestown |
| 1620 | Plymouth Colony William Bradford |
| 1630 | Massachusetts Bay Colony (Winthrop) |
| 1660 | slavery officially legal and such |
| 1688 | glorious revolution |
| 1754-1763 | French and Indian War |
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