APHG Unit 5, Set 1 Flashcards
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Created by:
Thundebird on February 6, 2012
Subjects:
Description:
Brian Lorey
2/2/12
Period 9
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Urban Morphology | The physical form of a city or urban region. |
| Urban | Relating to or concerned with a city or densely populated area. |
| Agricultural Surplus | Together with social stratification, that enable the formation of cities; agricultural production in excess of that which the producer needs for his or her own substenance and that of his or her family and which is then sold for sonsumption by others. |
| Social Stratification | Together with agricultural surplus, which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth, power, production, and prestige. |
| Leadership Class | Group of decision-makers and organizers in early cities who controlled the resources, and often the lives, of others. |
| First Urban Revolution | The innovation of the city, which occurred independently in five separate hearths. |
| Mesopotamia | The land between the Tigris and Euphrates. |
| Nile River Valley | Chronologially the second urban hearth dating back to 3200 BCE. Fertile land in North Africa near the Nile River. |
| Indus River Valley | Chronoligcally the third urban hearth dating back to 2200 BCE. Location of the first Indian Civilization. |
| Huang He and Wei River Valleys | Rivers in present-day China; it was at the confluence of the Huang He and Wei Rivers where chronologically the fourth urban hearth was founded by the Chinese. |
| Mesoamerica | This early civilization included Mexico and Central America and it was based on sedentary agriculture and the cultivation of corn and food production. |
| Acropolis | A fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city. |
| Agora | The marketplace in ancient Greece |
| Forum | A place of assembly for the people in ancient Greece. |
| Situation | A physical position in relation to the surroundings. |
| Rank-Size Rule | In a model urban hierarchy, the idea that the population of a city or town will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy. |
| Central Place Theory | A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther. |
| SunBelt Phenomenon | The movement of millions of Americans from northern and northeastern States to the South and Southwest regions(Sunbelt) of the United States. |
| Functional Zonation | The division of a city into different regions or zones (e.g. residential or industrial) for certain purposes or functions (e.g. housing or manufacturing). |
| Central Business District | The downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge. |
| Central City | The urban area that is not suburban; generally, the older or original city that is surrounded by newer suburbs. |
| Concentric Zone Model | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings. |
| Sector Model | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district (CBD). |
| Multiple Nuclei Model | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities. |
| Edge Cities | Clusters of large buildings away from the central business district. |
| Urban Realm | A spatial generalization of the large, late-twentieth-century city in the United States. It is shown to be a widely dispersed, multicentered metropolis consisting of increasingly independent zones or realms, each focused on its own suburban downtown; the only exception is the shrunken central realm, which is focused on the Central Business District (CBD). |
| Griffin-Ford Model | Developed by geographers Ernst Griffin and Larry Ford, a model of the Latin American city showing a blend of traditional elements of Latin American culture with the forces of globalization that are reshaping the urban scene. |
| Disamenity Sector | The very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs or drug lords. |
| McGee Model | Developed by geographer T.G. McGee, a model showing similar land-use patterns among the medium-sized cities of Southeast Asia. |
| Shantytowns | Unplanned slum development on the margins of cities, dominated by crude dwellings and shelters made mostly of scrap wood, iron, and even pieces of cardboard. |
| Redlining | Illegal practice of refusing to make mortgage loans or issue insurance policies in specific areas for reasons other than economic qualifications of applicants. |
| Blockbusting | Illegal practice of inducing homeowners to sell their properties by telling them that a certain people of a certain race, national origin or religion are moving into the area. |
| Commercialization | The transformation of an area of a city into an area attractive to residents and tourists alike in terms of economic activity. |
| Gentrification | The rehabilitation of deteriorated, often abandoned, housing of low-income inner-city residents. |
| McMansions | Homes referred to as such because of their "super size" and similarity in appearance to other such homes; homes often built in place of tear-downs in American suburbs. |
| Urban Sprawl | The process of urban areas expanding outwards, usually in the form of suburbs, and developing over fertile agricultural land. |
| New Urbanism | Outlined by a group of architects, urban planners, and developers from over 20 countries, an urban design that calls for development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs. |
| Informal Economy | Economic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that government's Gross National Product; as opposed to a formal economy |
| World City | Centers of economic, culture, and political activity that are strongly interconnected and together control the global systems of finance and commerce. |
| Primate City | The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement. |
| Spaces of Consumption | Areas of a city, the main purpose of which is to encourage people to consume goods and services' driven primarily by the global media industry. |
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