Chapter 17
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Created by:
emarderness on February 6, 2012
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15 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 enclosure acts | laws passed in England in the late 1700s to 1800s; converted public lands held in common to parcels of land to be sold to private owners; allowed for rapid changes in agriculture; agricultural productivity increased |
| James Hargreaves | inventor of the spinning jenny for cotton spinning; increasing number of spindles that could be run on it |
| spinning jenny | 1778; a machine that allowed the operator to spin several threads at once; an innovation fundamental to the revolution |
| Richard Arkwright | 1732-92; patented the "water frame" in 1769, a machine that could spin several threads at once; could run continuously; more efficient way of spinning than previously |
| Michael Faraday (FAIRday) | 1791-1867; 1st demonstrated the principle of electromagnetic induction by moving a metal conductor through a magnetic field to generate electricity; invented dynamo, a device that converts mechanical movement into electric power |
| Thomas Edison | 1847-1931; accomplished inventor; acquired more than 1000 patents for his innovations; established a research facility in Menlo Park, New Jersey in 1876; phonograph, incandescent lamp |
| Peterloo Massacre | St. Peter's Fields in Manchester; 80 thousand peaceful demonstrators called for universal male suffrage, the annual election of the House of Commons in Parliament, and the abolition of the Corn Laws; indicated the government's repressive response to the movement for reform; 400 killed |
| Reform Bill, 1832 | forced through by Whig Party; shifted 143 seats in Parliament from rural constituencies to urban ones; benefitted middle-class; increase in voters |
| Chartist Movement | a national working class movement dissatisfied with the 1832 Reform Bill and the Poor Law; rejected Chater twice; nearly all peaceful and interested in political power |
| suffrage | British men gained full voting rights in 1918; British women gained partial voting rights for 30 years and over, then equal rights as men in 1928; American women gained the right in 1920 with the 19th Amendment |
| Karl Marx | 1818-83; German theoretician; called for a worker-led revolution; organized revolutionary socialists through active campaigning; wrote polemical tracts calling for revolution; wrote the Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital |
| proletariat | those who live solely by the sale of their labor; the producers of wealth in Marxist theory |
| Otto von Bismarck | 1815-98; chief minister of Germany; pursued diverse and sometimes conflicting strategies so laborers would favor his government; extended universal male suffrage to the North German Confederation in 1867 and to all of German when it was united in 1871 |
| Max Weber | 1864-1920; saw the modern industrial city as a new creation; found it unstructured in contrast to the self-governed former European cities |
| garden city | a planned town combining work, residential, agricultural, and recreational facilities and surrounded by a rural belt; a concept developed by Ebenezer Howard; provided provocative, creative thinking for the new urban problems in the 20th century |
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