1.
Anemia: inadequate number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or both; symptoms include paleness, fatigue, difficult breathing, and rapid heart rate
2.
aneurysm: a ballooning out or, or saclike formation on, an artery wall; weakened arterial wall
3.
aorta: largest artery in the body
4.
aortic valve: located between the left ventricle and the aorta;closes when the left ventricle is finished contracting
5.
Aplastic anemia: result of injury to or destruction of the bone marrow
6.
Arrhythmias: abnormal heart rhythms; can be mild or fatal
7.
arteries: carry blood away from the heart; more elastic than other blood vessels
8.
arterioles: smallest arteries; join with the capillaries
9.
arteriosclerosis: hardening or thickening of the arterial walls, resulting in loss of elasticity and contractility; occurs in aging
10.
atherosclerosis: fatty plaques are depostied on the walls of the arteries; causes narrowing of the arteries
11.
atrioventricular node: group of nerve cells located between the atria and ventricles.
12.
basophils: particpate in the the body inflammatory response, produce histamine, a vasodilator, and heparin, an anticoagulant; they are a leukocyte
13.
blood: flows through the circulatory system and is often called a tissue because it contains many kinds of cells
14.
bundle of his: nerve fibers in the septum
15.
Capillaries: connect arterioles with venules; have thin walls to allow oxygen and nutrients to pass through to the cells
16.
Congestive heart failure: occurs when the heart muscles do not beat adequately to supply the blood needs of the body; is either right or left sided
17.
defibrillator: a device that shocks the heart with an electrical current to stop the uncoordinated contraction and allow the SA node to regain control
18.
demand pacemaker: delivers electrical impulses only when the heart's own conduction system is not responding correctly
19.
embolus: foreign substance circulating in the bloodstream. it can be air, a blood clot, bacterial clumps, fat or other similiar substances
20.
Endocardium: layer of cells that lines the inside of the heart
21.
eosinophils: remove toxins and defend the body from allergic reactions by producing antihistamines; they are a leukocyte
22.
erythrocytes: red blood cells; produced in the red bone marrow; live approximately 120 days before being broken down by the liver and spleen
23.
fixed pacemaker: delivers electrical impulses at a predetermined rate
24.
hemoglobin: found on the erythrocytes; a complex protein molecule; contains iron; carries both oxygen and carbon dioxide
25.
hemophilia: an inherited disease that occurs almost exclusively in males; lack of a plasma protein required for clotting
26.
hypertension: high blood pressure; anything above 120/80
27.
inferior vena cava: brings blood from the lower part of the body; empties into the right atrium of the heart
28.
Interatrial septum: separates the atrias; upper half of the septum
29.
Interventricular septum: separates the ventricles; lower half of the septum
30.
iron deficiency anemia: inadequate amount of iron to form hemoglobin in erythocytes
31.
left atrium: receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
32.
left bundle branch: nerve tissue that carries electricity through left ventricle
33.
left ventricle: receives blood from the left atrium and pumps the blood into the aorta for transport to the body cells
34.
leukemia: a malignant disease of the bone marrow or lymph tissue; it results in a high number of immature white blood cells
35.
leukocytes: white blood cells; formed in the bone marrow and lymph tissue; live 3-9 days
36.
lymphocytes: provide immunity for the body by developing antibodies; protect against the formation of cancer cells; they are a leukocyte
37.
mitral valve: located between the left atrium and the left ventricle; closes when the left ventricle contracts
38.
monocytes: phagocutize bacteria and foreign materials; they are a leukocyte
39.
Myocardium: Muscular middle layer; thickest layer of the heart
40.
myocarial infarction: heart attack; occurs when a blockage in the coronary arteries cuts off the supply of blood to the heart
41.
neutrophils: secrete an enzyme called lysozyme; they are a leukocyte
42.
pacemaker: small battery-powered device with electrodes that monitors the heart's activity and delivers an electrical implulse the the electrodes to stimulate contraction
43.
Pericardium: Double layer membrane, or sac, that covers the outside of the heart.
44.
pernicious anemia: formation of abnormally large and inadequate number of erythrocytes
45.
phagocitosis: process of engulfing, ingesting and destroying pathogens by leukocytes
46.
phlebitis: an inflammation of the vein
47.
Plasma: 90% water and then blood cells
48.
prothrombin and fibrinogen: two proteins necessary for clotting
49.
pulmonary valve: located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
50.
purkinje fibers: The smallest (and final) fibers in the cardiac conduction system. The Purkinje fibers transmit the cardiac impulse to the ventricular muscle.
51.
right atrium: receives blood as it returns from the body cells; deoxygenated blood
52.
right bundle branch: nerve tissue that carries electricity through right ventricle
53.
right ventricle: receives blood from the right atruim and pums the blood into the pulmonary artery, which carries the blood to the lungs for oxygen
54.
Septum: muscular wall that separates the heart into a right side and a left side
55.
sickle cell anemia: chronic, inherited; results in the production of abnormal crescent shaped erythrocytes that carry less oxygen, break easily, and block blood vessels
56.
sinoatrial node: located in the right atrium and referred to as the pacemaker of the heart
57.
superior vena cava: brings the blood from the upper part of the body; empties into the right atrium of the heart
58.
Thrombocytes: also called platelets; formed in the bone marrow and live for about 5-9 days; important for the clotting process
59.
thrombophlebitis: inflammation of the vein with a blood clot
60.
thrombus: clot
61.
tricuspid valve: located between the right atrium and the right ventricle; closes when the right ventricle contracts
62.
varicose veins: dilated, swollen veins that have lost elasticity and cause stasis, or decreased blood flow
63.
Veins: carry blood back to the heart;contains valves and are thinner and less elastic than arteries
64.
Venules: smallest veins; join with the capillaries
