Carbohydrate & lipid metabolism
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 3 ways digestibility & intake are inversely related | 1. increased intake = increase rate of passage 2. fiber digestion = dec. in concentrate diets 3. soluble CHO digestion = dec.in whole grains |
| How does digestibility of feed impact rate of passage in upper GI? | dec digestibility = dec rate of passage |
| How does digestibility of feed impact rate of passage in lower GI? | inc digestibility = dec rate of passage (GI has more to do, so process slows down) |
| 3 reasons that increase digestibility in feedstuff | 1. less digestible cell wall (fiber & lignin) 2. decreased rate of passage 3. inc rate of digestion |
| 2 sources of carbohydrates fed | soluble CHO like starches NDF (fiber sources) |
| 90% of the glucose & fiber sources in the rumen are used for _________. | Microbial crude protein |
| With more soluble CHO in feed, VFA production increases. What happens to rumen pH? | decrease in pH |
| What VFA is produced more on a roughage diet? concentrate diet? | roughage: acetate concentrate: propionate |
| What should you feed if you want more milk fat? more milk yield? | milk fat: more roughage milk yield: more concetrate |
| What happens to the starch that makes it to the sm. intestine? (only about 10% of ingested starch) | digested by pancreatic amylase into glucose |
| How much glucose is absorbed as glucose? | 10% |
| Where does the rest of the glucose come from? | metabolism of acetate or propionate Propionate is main source |
| Where does metabolism of acetate occur? | acetate arrives in the mitochondria of adipocytes. it is converted to Acetyl Co-A and goes into the TCA cycle |
| Where does metabolism of propionate occur? | Most propionate removed by liver & converted to succinyl CoA. goes to TCA cycle |
| What is more energetically efficient: acetate or propionate? | Propionate is more energetically efficient because it nets more ATP molecules per mole than acetate |
| How does propionate compare to glucose directly absorbed from diet? | Propionate is 94% as efficient as glucose at generating ATP it takes 2 moles of propionate to make mole of glucose |
| What is more important: unsaturated FA or saturated FA? | all FA are hydrogenated to saturated FA in the rumen |
| Where are lipids broken down? by what? | lipids enter the sm. intestine & are broken down by pancreatic lipase into monoglycerides |
| What helps the monoglyceride enter the sm. intestinal villus? | the bile from the gall bladder forms a micelle (which is polar) and draws the monoglyceride into the villus |
| After absorption, monoglycerides are converted to triglycerides & moved through lymph system. Where is there destination? | adipose tissue |
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