The second industrial revolution
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Created by:
domthompson18 on February 7, 2012
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Bessemer Process | a process developed in the 1850s that led to faster, cheaper steel production |
| Transcontinental Railroad | a railroad system that crossed the continental United States |
| Laissez-faire | in French, meaning "allow to do;" a business system where companies are allowed to conduct business without interference by the government |
| John D. Rockefeller | (1839-1937) American industrialist and philanthropist; he made a fortune in the oil business and used vertical and horizontal integration to establish a monopoly on the steel business. |
| Andrew Carnegie | (1835-1919) American industrialist and humanitarian; he focused his attention on steelmaking and made a fortune through his vertical integration method. |
| Sweatshop | small workshop set up in a tenement rather than in centralized factories |
| Samuel Gompers | (1850-1924) American labor leader; he helped found the American Federation of Labor to campaign for workers' rights. |
| American Federation of Labor | (AFL) labor organization that united skilled workers into national unions for specific industries |
| Orville and Wilbur Wright | (1871-1948) (1867-1912) American pioneers of aviation; they went from experiments with kites and gliders to piloting the first successful gas-powered airplane flight and later founded the American Wright Company to manufacture airplanes. |
| Entrepreneur | risk taker who starts new ventures within the economic system of capitalism |
| Social Darwinism | a view of society based on Charles Darwin's scientific theory of natural selection |
| Vertical Integration | the business practice of owning all of the businesses involved in each step of a manufacturing process |
| Knights of Labor | secret society that became the first truly national labor union in the United States |
| wildcatter | name given to oil prospectors who came to Pennsylvania in the mid and late 1800s |
| Capitalism | economic system in which most businesses are privately owned |
| Monopoly | having complete control in the marketplace, without any outside competition |
| Horizontal integration | owning all the businesses in a certain field |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | (1890) a law that made it illegal to create monopolies or trusts that restrained free trade |
| Blacklists | a list or register of people who are being denied a particular freedom or privilege |
| Mass transit | public transportation systems that carry large numbers of people |
| Edwin L. Drake | Successfully used a steam engine to drill for oil near Titusville, PA. Started an oil boom across Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, and Texas |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | a railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and New York. He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more economical. Made millions |
| Eugene V. Debs | He was the president and the organizer of the American Railway Union. He organized the Pullman Strike and helped organize the Social Democratic party. |
| Alexander Graham Bell | United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) |
| Thomas Alva Edison | This scientist received more than 1,300 patents for a range of items including the automatic telegraph machine, the phonograph, improvements to the light bulb, a modernized telephone and motion picture equipment. |
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