Psy Exam 4 or Ch.4
About this set
Created by:
Tammytran03 on February 7, 2012
Subjects:
Description:
Psychology chapter 4
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
78 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Parasomnia | behaviors and physiological states that normally occur only in the waking state take place during sleep |
| REM Dreams | have a story-like quality more visual, vivid, and emotional than NREM dreams |
| NREM Dreams | occur during NREM sleep less frequent and memorable than REM dreams |
| Lucid Dreaming | set of techniques that enable dreamers to control the content of dreams |
| Consciousness | everything of which we are aware at any given time thoughts, feelings, sensations, and external environment |
| Early Psychologists | saw consciousness as psychological in nature |
| Today's Psychologists | think about consciousness in neurobiological terms due to recent scientific advances. |
| Today's Psychologists uses | use brain-imaging techniques to identify brain activity associated with different states of consciousness |
| Altered State of Consciousness | a change in awareness produced by sleep, meditation, hypnosis, or drugs |
| Religious and Cultural Traditions | supernatural explanations for altered states of consciousness. Many have rituals that intentionally induce altered states of consciousness |
| Circadian Rhythm | regular fluctuation from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behaviors within a 24-hour cycle regulate all vital life functions and more than 100 bodily functions |
| Suprachiasmatic Nucleus | in the hypothalamus controls timing of circadian rhythms signals pineal gland to secrete or suppress melatonin |
| Circadian rhythms is not strictly biological. Specialized cells in the eye respond to the amount of light reaching the eye and | Communicate with pineal gland to produce melatonin, which induces sleep |
| body temperature | sleep best when body temperature is lowest most alert when body temperature is at daily high point |
| alertness | follows a circadian rhythm separate from sleep/wakefulness cycle. Less alert between 2:00 and 5:00 p.m., 2:00 and 7:00 a.m. |
| Jet lag and working during subjective night disrupt circadian rhythms. | can lead to sleep difficulty, reduced alertness, memory deficits |
| what help jet lag? | Melatonin supplements |
| Subjective Night time during a 24-hour period when the biological clock tells a person to go to sleep | energy and efficiency are at their lowest points, reaction time is slowest. |
| Restorative Theory of Sleep | to restore body and mind and restore energy and the consolidation of memory do occur during sleep. |
| Circadian Theory of Sleep | Sleep evolved to keep humans out of harm's way during the night. Also known as evolutionary or adaptive. |
| NREM sleep | Characterized by slow respiration and heart rate, little body movement, and low blood pressure and brain activity consider deep sleep. |
| During REM | the brain is highly active. |
| NREM | Non-rapid eye movement |
| REM | Rapid eye movement sleep. |
| Epinephrine is released into the system | Blood pressure rises. Heart rate and respiration become faster and less regular. |
| Occur during REM. | Most vivid dreams paralysis of large muscles may be critical to the consolidation of memories. |
| REM Rebound | increase in REM sleep after REM deprivation associated with unpleasant dreams or nightmares because of increased intensity. |
| During a typical night's sleep | A person goes through about five 90-minute cycles 1 or more stages of NREM sleep, followed by a period of REM sleep. |
| Infants and Young Children sleep | sleep the longest, but sleep is erratic have largest percentage of REM and slow-wave sleep. |
| Children from 6 to Puberty sleep | sleep best most consistent sleepers and wakers |
| Adolescents sleep | sleep patterns influenced by schedules. Insufficient sleep may contribute to poor school performance. |
| Older Adults sleep | more difficulty falling asleep; sleep more lightly spend more time in bed, but less time asleep. |
| Effects of Sleep Deprivation | Difficulty concentrating impaired learning lapses in attention negative mood. Cramming all night long. |
| Parasomnia | behaviors and physiological states that normally occur only in the waking state take place during sleep |
| Dyssomnia | sleep disorder in which the timing, quantity, or quality of sleep is impaired |
| Somnambulism | Sleepwalking, occurs during partial arousal from stage 4 sleep. |
| Sleep terrors | Frightening dreams that occur during partial arousal from stage 4 sleep, sleeper springs up in a state of panic, usually shortly after falling asleep. |
| Nightmares | Frightening dreams that occur during REM sleep; likely to be remembered in vivid detail. |
| Somniloquy | Sleeptalking; can occur during any sleep stage. |
| Narcolepsy | Excessive daytime sleepiness; uncontrollable attacks of REM sleep; incurable. |
| Sleep apnea | Periods during sleep when breathing stops; individual must awaken briefly in order to breathe. |
| Insomnia | Difficulty falling or staying asleep, waking too early, and/or sleep that is light, restless, or poor quality. |
| REM Dreams | have a story-like quality more visual, vivid, and emotional than NREM dreams. |
| NREM Dreams | occur during NREM sleep (deep sleep) less frequent and memorable than REM dreams |
| Lucid Dreaming | set of techniques that enable dreamers to control the content of dreams. |
| Freud believed that dreams satisfy unconscious sexual and aggressive desires. | These desires are unacceptable to the dreamer and must be disguised in symbolic forms. |
| manifest content | content of a dream as recalled by the dreamer |
| latent content | the underlying meaning of a dream |
| Activation-Synthesis Theory | Dreams are the brain's attempt to make sense of the random firing of brain cells during REM sleep. |
| Evolutionary Theory | Vivid REM dreams enable people to rehearse skills needed to deal with threatening events. |
| Meditation: Techniques used to: | Block out distractions and achieve an altered state of consciousness. Focus attention on an object, word, one's breathing, or body movements |
| Meditation: Can be helpful for physical and psychological problems | controlling emotions, lowering blood pressure and enhancing well-being. |
| hypnotist uses | to change thoughts, feelings, sensations, perceptions, or behavior in the subject. |
| Where hypnosis uses at? does it effect everybody? | Some people cannot be hypnotized. Viable technique used in medicine, dentistry, psychiatry or Used in surgical pain management. |
| Psychoactive Drugs that alters mood, perception, or thought | antihistamines, decongestants or food chocolate. |
| How Drugs Affect the Brain? | Create a sense of pleasure by increasing availability of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, a part of the brain's limbic system. |
| Each drug affects the whole system differently: drugs affect neurotransmission | Opiates mimic, Depressants, and Stimulants mimic |
| Opiates mimic | the effects of endorphins (I feel gooood!) |
| Depressants | act on GABA receptors (mellow out, man) |
| Stimulants mimic | the effects of epinephrine (woo hoo!) |
| Substance Abuse | continued use of a substance that negatively affects an individual's work, education, and social relationships |
| Physical Drug Dependence: drug tolerance | becomes less affected by drug, needs more for same effect |
| Physical Drug Dependence: withdrawal symptoms: | physical and psychological symptoms that arise when use is discontinued |
| Psychological Drug Dependence | a craving or irresistible urge for the drug's pleasurable effects |
| Hallucinations or psychedelics | are drugs that can alter and distort perceptions of time and space, alter mood, and produce feelings of unreality. |
| Psychoactive Drug: Stimulant | Caffeine, Nicotine (tobacco), Amphetamines, Cocaine. |
| Psychoactive Drug: Depressants | Alcohol, Barbiturates, Tranquilizers (Valium, Xanax), Narcotics |
| Psychoactive Drug: Hallucinogens | Marijuana, LSD, MDMA (Ectasy) |
| Caffeine | Coffee, tea, cola, drinks, chocolate, energy drinks such as red bull and over-the-counter drugs help wakefulness and alertness. (Withdrawal: Headache, depression, fatigue) |
| Nicotine | like caffeine, increases alertness to calmness; lowers appetite for carbohydrates. (Withdrawal: Irritability, anxiety, restlessness, increased appetite) |
| Amphetamines: | Relieve fatigue, improve alertness, suppress the appetite, and give a rush of energy.(Withdrawal: Irritability, anxiety, fatigue, long periods of sleep, increased appetite). |
| Cocaine | from coca leaves, bring on euphoric mood, energy boost, feeling of excitement, suppresses appetite the high lasts 30 to 45 minutes. (Withdrawal:Depression, Irritability, fatigue, long periods of sleep, increased appetite). |
| Alcohol | Central nervous system is depressed, slurred speech, poor coordination, staggering, slowing reaction time. (Withdrawal: tremors, nausea, sweating, depression, weakness, irritability.). |
| Bartiturates | Promote sleep, have camling and sedative effect, decrease muscular tension.(Withdrawal: Sleeplessness, anxiety seizure, cardiovascular collapse, and death). |
| Narcotics | Relieve pain; produce paralysis of intestines (withdrawal: Nausea, diarrhea, cramps, insomnia) |
| Marijuana | Relaxation, effects ability to store new memories(Withdrawal: Anxiety, difficulty sleeping, decreased appetite, hyperactivity). |
| LSD | Produces excited exhilaration, hallucinations, experiences perceived as insightful and profound. (Withdrawal: None) |
| MDMA (ectasy) | Typically produces euphoria and feelings of understanding others and accepting them; lowers inhibitions; dehydration, eye twitching, and dizziness (Withdrawal:depression, fatigue, and in some cases a "crash," during which the person may be sad, scared, or annoyed.). |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.