| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Green Revolution | Movement in the 1950's and 1960's to help poorer, non-industrialized countries increase food production by sharing Western agricultural technology, such as chemical fertilizers, to help them feed their people |
| partition | In general, this means to break a country up into separate countries. Examples include: British India into India and Pakistan (and later Bangladesh); British controlled Palestine into Israel and Palestine (later conquered by Israel); Yugoslavia into Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Macedonia, Kosovo and Montenagro. |
| Red Army | term used for the army of any communist country, whether it be China, the Soviet Union, North Korea, etc. |
| Mustafa Kemal Ataturk | Turkish nationalist leader who became the first president of modern Turkey in the 1920's and set about to modernize and Westernize Turkey, including making it more secular |
| detente | Cold War term used to describe the period in the 1970's in which the superpowers started to talk to each other (before that they didn't). Means "the easing of tensions." |
| Zionism | Jewish nationalism; the belief that the Jews should have their own country; started in the late 1880's and gained momentum during World War II and the Holocaust. Led to the creation of Israel in 1948. |
| Great Purge | In the 1920's and 30's, Soviet leader Josef Stalin had anyone in the USSR executed that challenged his power. |
| Tiananmen Square Massacre | 1989 Chinese government crackdown on students who were peacefully protesting for democracy |
| secular | non-religious |
| slash and burn | farming technique in which forests are cleared by setting them on fire; the ash left from the trees fertilizes the soil; after one growing season, the soil is not as good, so farmers must move on and clear more land, a farming method involving the cutting of trees, then burning them to provide ash-enriched soil for the planting of crops |
| interdependence | to be dependent on other; the world is more so today than ever |
| independence | freedom from control or influence of another or others, such as independence for colonies from their mother countries |
| hierarchy | when things are put in order by importance |
| domino theory | U.S. belief, during the Cold War, that if one country became communist than others around it would too |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization: Cold War era alliance between the U.S., Canada and Western European countries; after the end of the Cold War former Communist countries have joined |
| isthmus | a narrow strip of land connecting two larger bodies of land (ex: Panama) |
| embargo | when a country stops trade with another as punishment (ex: U.S. and Cuba) |
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