| Term | Definition |
|---|
| supraspinatus m. | suprascapular n. and a. |
| infraspinatus m. | suprascapular n. and . and circumflex scapular a. |
| teres major m. | lower subscapular n. subscapular and circumfles scapular aa. |
| teres minor m. | axillary n. post. circumflex humeral and circumflex scapular aa. |
| triceps brachii m. | radial n. |
| deltoid m. | axillary n. post. circumflex humeral a. |
| trapezius m. | spinal assecory n. |
| latissimus dorsi m. | thoarcodorsal n. |
| rhomboid minor and major mm. | dorsal scapular n. |
| levator scapulae m. | dorsal scapular n. |
| serratus post. superior and inferior mm. | ventral primary rami of intercostal nn. |
| splenius capitis and cervicis mm. | posterior primary rami |
| sacrospinalis (erector spinae) mm. | posterior primary rami |
| semispinalis capitis, cervicis, thoracis mm. | posterior primary rami |
| multifidus mm. (heaviest m. in body) | posterior primary rami |
| rotatores mm. | posterior primary rami |
| levatores costarum mm. | intercostal nn. |
| platysma m. | facial n. (CN VII) |
| sternocleidomastoid m. | spinal assecory n. and recieves motor and sensory fibers from C2, and C3 |
| blood supply to brain | 2 internal carotid aa. and 2 vertebral aa. |
| contribution of the vertebral aa. | contribute to the vertebrobasilar system which feed most of the spinal cord, cerebellum, and occipetal lobe |
| osetophytes | bony spurs at C-spine; impede blood flow to the vertebral aa. esp. during cervical rotation |
| nystagmus | involuntary rythmic deviations of gaze, when head is turned |
| spinal assecory n. | innervates: sernocleidomastoid and trapezius |
| spinal assecory n. | major landmark of posterior cervical triangle |
| cranial root | assecory to vagus n. (CN X): helps form recurrnt laryngeal n. |
| suboccipetal triangle boundaries: | superior and inferior oblique mm., rectus capitis post. major m. |
| w/in suboccipetal triangle | post. ramus of C1 (suboccipetal n.) and vertebral a. |
| posterior ramus of C1 (suboccipetal n.) | contains no sensory fibers |
| Dorsal roots contain | sensory fibers only |
| ventral roots contain | motor sensory fibers |
| "roof" of suboccipetal triangle | semispinalis capitis |
| floor of suboccipetal triangle | posterior arch of atlas, and atlanto-occipetal membrane |
| reason for cutaneous part of C2 becoming enlarged | b/c usually C1 has no dorsal (sensory) root, so cutaneous part of posterior primary ramus of C2 becomes enlarged |
| post. cervical triangle; boundaries | trapezius, scm, clavicle (post. belly of omohyoid is seen in inferior part of trinagle) |
| 3nn. going upward from post.edge of scm | great auricular n., lesser occipetal n., transverse cervical |
| 3nn. going downward from post.edge of scm | medial, intermediate, and lateral supraclaicular nn. |
| mm. deep to the floor of post.cervical triangle supplied by dorsal primary rami | spenius, semispinalis capitis mm. |
| mm. deep to the floor of post.cervical triangle supplied by ventral primary rami | levator scapulae, scalenus ant.,medius, post. mm. and subclavius |
| upper part of brachial plexus (C5-T1) emerges between; | scalenus anterior and scalenus medius mm. |
| subclavian a. | passes behind scalenus anterior (protecting it from trauma), supplies upper limb |
| subclavian v. | passes anterior to scalenus anterior, drains upper limb |
| suprascapular a. (from thyrocervical trunk) | supplies mm. on posterior surface of scapula |
| transverse cervical a. | combination of; dorsal scapular and superficial cervical aa. |
| axial skeleton | skull, vertebral column (ribs and sternum) |
| function of skull and vertebral column | protects CNS, ribcage protects thoracic viscera and abdominal viscera |
| appendicular skeleton | limb bones and limb girdles (pelvis and pectoral girdles) |
| epidermis | (most superficial) thick skin composed of thin cellular layer |
| dermis | thicker layer of ct |
| superficial fascia | contains; platysma m. |
| inversting layer of deep fascia | encircles entire neck, encloses most superficial mm. (trapezius, scm) |
| prevertebral fascia | surrounds post. supportive compartment of neck (cervical spinal columns and its mm.) |
| pretracheal fascia | surrounds ant. mobile part of neck (trachea, esophagus, thyroid gland) |
| carotid sheath | contains; common carotid a., internal jugular v., and vagus n. |
| atlas (C1) | atypical, "ring of bone", no body, no spinous process, no dens |
| axis (C2) | large dens, (stability of dens is vital importance to the skull) |
| lower 5 C-vertabrae | typical, bifid spinous process, lateral elevations, and transverse foramina (very important vertebral arteries pass upward threw them) |
| 12 thoracic vertebrae | articular facets for ribs, long inferiorly sloping spinous processes. |
| 5 lumbar vertebrae | large vertebral bodies, mammilary processe, no transverse foramina, and no costal articular facets |
| small facet joints | synovial joints |
| pia mater | very thin membrane clings tightly to surafce of spinal cord |
| denticulate ligaments | tether the spinal cord w/in the dura arise laterally from spinal cord at regular intervals |
| dura mater | tough, dense sleeve of ct, surrounds spinal cord, extends from foramen magnum to the coccyx |
| arachnoid mater | delicate, web-like membrane, loosely surrounds the spinal cord |
| conus medullaris | tapering "sone-shaped" caudal end of spinal cord. composed of coccygeal and sacral spinal cord segments but lies at bony levels of L1-L2 in adults b/c growth of vertebral columsn contds |
| cauda equina "horses tail" | composed of ant. and post. nerve roots that descend w/in the meningeal sheaths until they join the spinal nn. and intervertebral foramina |
| filum terminale interna | filament of pia mater, extending from tip of conus medullaris to termination of spinal cord |
| annulus fibrosis | intervertebral discs composed of fibrocartilagenous rings |
| nucleus pulposus | inner gelatinous core of intervertebral discs |
| function of intervertebral discs; | deform to permit spinal movement |
| limbs early in development | limbs are ventral; thumbs/toes-cranial, elbow/knees-lateral, head of femur/humeri-medial |
| As development proceeds | head of femur/humeri- contd medially, distal humerus-twists lateral, elbow-posterior, distal femur- twists medial, knee-anterior |
| found in spiral groove of humerus | radial n., and profunda brachii a.,v. |
| serratus anterior | long thoracic n. |
| pectoralis minor | medial pectoral n. |
| pectoralis major (sternal head) | medial and lateral pectoral nn. |
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