Overview of the Science of Nutrition
About this set
Created by:
kmpelzel on February 7, 2012
Classes:
Contemporary Issues in Nutrition (Personal), Contemporary Issues in Nutrition
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Nutrients | Substances obtained from food and used in the body to promote growth, maintenance, and repair |
| 6 Classes of Nutrients | 1. Carbohydrate 2. Fat 3. Protein 4. Vitamins 5. Minerals 6. Water |
| Essential Nutrients | Nutrients that must be obtained from food because the body can't make it |
| Energy (Calorie)-Yielding Nutrients | 1. Carbohydrate 2. Fat 3. Protein |
| Nutrients that don't yield energy | 1. Water 2. Vitamins 3. Minerals |
| Number of calories 1 gram of carbohydrate contains | 4 |
| Number of calories 1 gram of fat contains | 9 |
| Number of calories 1 gram of protein contains | 4 |
| Number of calories 1 gram of alcohol contains | 7 |
| Function of Vitamins and Minerals | Regulate the release of energy and other aspects of metabolism |
| Function of water in the body | Provides the medium for life processes |
| Relationship between diet and the leading causes of death | Leading causes of death are chronic diseases (instead of infectious diseases), all of which have dietary components |
| Malnutrition | Any condition caused by an excess, deficiency, or imbalance of calories or nutrients |
| Overnutrition | Calorie or nutrient overconsumption severe enough to cause disease or increased risk of disease; form of malnutrition |
| Examples of Malnutrition | Starvation Obesity Deficiency disease (like Pellagra) |
| Degenerative Disease | Chronic disease characterized by deterioration of the body organs as a result of misuse and neglect |
| Healthy People 2020 | National health promotion and disease prevention agenda for 2010 to 2020; goals focus on risk reduction, and specifies targets for nutrient and food intake |
| Hunger | The physiological need for food |
| Appetite | The psychological desire to eat, often but not always accompanied by hunger |
| Factors affecting food choices | Taste Positive associations (social gatherings, celebrations) Psychological needs (cravings) Availability (stores nearby) Income and food prices Convenience (what is fast, ready-to-eat) Advertising and the media (commercials, news) Social and cultural factors Religion |
| Social Groups | Group of people, such as a family, who depend on one another and share a set of norms, beliefs, values, and behaviors |
| Culture | Knowledge, beliefs, customs, laws, morals, art, and literature acquired by members of a society and passed along to succeeding generations. |
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