History Ch. 14 & 17 test
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Created by:
ksphillips97 on February 8, 2012
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53 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Jean Jacques Rousseau | -enlightenment -early 18th century -He believed in the "social contract" |
| Denis Diderot | -enlightenment -early 18th century -He edited the "Encyclopedia" -French |
| Enlightenment | -"age of reason" - where they put all their new ideas into reason |
| Scientific Revolution | -change in science -came before the enlightenment -example: Kepler came up wit the next step to destroy the Ptolemaic System |
| Philosophy | -"philosophe" |
| John Locke | -enlightenment -early 17th century -Natural Rights -life -liberty -property -his ideas were the basis for democracy |
| Isaac Newton | -scientific revolution -middle of 17th century -3 laws of motion -discovered gravity |
| Baron de Montesquieu | -enlightenment -late 17th century -political philosopher -made the system of checks and balances |
| Voltaire | -enlightenment -late 17th century -religious philosopher -treaties on toleration= strong advocate for religious toleration |
| Adam Smith | -enlightenment -early 18th century -father of economics -supply and demand -believed in laissez-faire -Scottish |
| Laissez-faire | -let people do what they want |
| Jeremy Bentham | -enlightenment -early 18th century -believed in natural law and natural rights -believed in the separation of church and state -freedom of expression -very radical -believed in women's rights |
| Cesare Beccaria | -enlightenment -early 18th century -proposed a new approach to justice -crime and punishment |
| social contract | -relationship between government and people |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | -enlightenment -late 18th century -women's rights advocate -men and women should be treated equally |
| John Wesley | -enlightenment -18th century -founder of Methodism -put more meaning and structure into church |
| James Cook | -scientific revolution -early 18th century -Captain of British Navy -he was an explorer and a cartographer |
| François Viéte | -scientific revolution -early 16th century -mathematician -expanded algebra into a new, modern algebra -invented use of variables representing letters |
| Simon Stevin | -scientific revolution -early 16th century -first person to use decimals -military engineer |
| John Napier | -scientific revolution -late 16th century -famous Scottish mathematician, physicist, astronomer, and astrologer -created the logarithm |
| Copernicus | -scientific revolution -late 15th century -astronomer -believed that his idea of heliocentric was better than the Ptolemaic system |
| Johannes Kepler | -scientific revolution -late 16th century -Kepler's law: planets orbits are not circular |
| Andreas Vesulius | -scientific revolution -early 16th century -study in the depth of the human anatomy |
| William Harvey | -scientific revolution -late 16th century -understood human anatomy by dissecting human bodies -discovered circulation of blood -found that the heart was the starting point for blood |
| Maria Winkelmann | -scientific revolution -late 17th century -discovered the first comet -men and women should be equal -the most famous female astronomer |
| Galileo | -scientific revolution -believed that the sun was the center of the world and immovable -false -believed that the earth is not t he center of the world and not moving -false |
| Francis Bacon | -scientific revolution -late 16th century -believed in inductive reasoning -proceeding from the particular to the general |
| Scientific Method | -a systematic procedure for collection and analyzing evidence |
| René Descartes | -scientific revolution -17th century -philosopher -"father of modern rationalism" -belief that reason is the main source of knowledge -"I think, therefore I am" |
| Margaret Cavendish | -scientific revolution -critical of the growing belief that humans were the masters of nature, through science |
| Hobbes | -believed that before society was organized human life was "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short" -believed that an absolute monarch was needed to form a state, not a state of nature |
| Ptolemy | -the greatest astronomer in antiquity -invented the Ptolemaic system |
| Ptolemaic System | -the sphere moves itself and gives motion to the other spheres -beyond the tenth sphere is heaven -where God resides |
| Revolution, the song. What is it about? | -John Lennon's response to the Vietnam war -political song -this song is about not being as violent |
| Robert Boyle | -Scientific Revolution -17th century -Boyle's law -conducted experiments in chemistry |
| Antoine Lavoisier | -Scientific Revolution -18th century -developed a system for naming chemicals -founder of Modern Chemistry |
| Marie Therese de Geoffrin | -enlightenment -late 17th century -held salons in her home -promoted discussion of philosophes and spread enlightenment ideas |
| James I | -believed in divine right -Catholic |
| divine right | -is the belief that God chose you to be the ruler |
| Charles I | -believed in divine right -passed the Petition of Rights in 1628 |
| Petition of Rights | 1. habeas corpus- you cant imprison without the right to trial 2. no taxation without consent of the Parliament 3. no quartering soldiers without consent |
| The Revolution | -Cavaliers vs. Roundheads -executed Charles I and Oliver Cromwell became the military dictator |
| Oliver Cromwell | -set up a military dictatorship -won the English Civil War and then took over -disbanded Parliament -Puritan |
| what does abjuration mean | to renounce under oath; fore swear |
| what does enlightened despot mean? | rulers who force people to follow the rules |
| 4 examples of an enlightened despot | 1. Frederick II 2. Catherine II 3. Joseph II 4. Charles III |
| Charles II | -restored the Stuart Monarchy -Catholic -agreed with the Magna Carta and the Petition of Rights |
| James II | -believed in the Divine Right -brother to Charles II -Catholic Monarchy |
| Glorious Revolution | -William and Mary were invited to invade England -afraid that the English church would turn to Catholicism -William and Mary became monarchs of England |
| William and Mary | -signed the Bill of Rights and the Toleration act |
| Toleration act | -freedom of worship for protestants |
| Heliocentric | -sun-centered |
| Johann Sebastian Bach | -the greatest composer |
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