WWII
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67 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Allied Leaders | Chamberlin-> Churchill (Great Britain), de Gaulle (France), FDR -> Truman (United States) |
| Axis Powers Leaders | Hitler (Germany), Mussolini (Italy), Tojo (Japan) |
| Tripartite Pact | The Axis Powers signed this mutual defense treaty, aimed at keeping US out of war by forcing a fight on two oceans |
| Arsenal of Democracy | FDR tells US needs to become this if Britain falls, Axis Power free to conquer world |
| Lend-lease Act | US to lend or lease supplies for defense |
| Soviet Union | Hitler breaks pact with Stalin and invades here while US sends lend-lease supplies to them |
| Wolf packs | groups of up to 40 submarines patrol North Atlantic. sink supply ships |
| Atlantic Charter | FDR, Churchill issue a joint declaration of war aims. 1) security 2) disarmament 3) self-determination 4) economic cooperation 5) freedom of seas |
| Reaction to Pearl Harbor | US declares war on Japan Germany, Italy declare war on US US unprepared to fight in both Atlantic, Pacific Oceans |
| Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) | women in noncombat positions. Thousands enlist. "auxiliary" is dropped, get full US army benefits |
| A Philip Randolph | head of Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. Organizes march on DC; FDR executive order forbids discrimination |
| Manhattan Project | develops atomic bomb |
| Office of Price Administration | freezes prices, fights inflation |
| War Production Board | says which companies convert production. 1) allocates raw materials 2) organizes collection of recyclable materials |
| Rationing | fixed allotments of goods needed by military |
| Totalitarian Dictators in Europe | Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Francisco Franco, and Josef Stalin |
| Totalitarian | government that maintains complete control over its citizens |
| Civil War in Spain | Nationalists vs. Republicans. Nationalists won- Franco leader. Republicans- world on side. Nationalists- Axis powers sided |
| Japanese Aggression in the Pacific | Japan advances in China, Asian coast. US cut off Japan oil. US moved military fleet to Pearl Harbor |
| German Advances in Europe | Greece, Yugoslavia, Crete, Portugal, Spain. Using their Blitzkrieg techniques, the German forces stormed through these countries, meeting little to no resistance. When Soviet Union was going to be attacked, they burned down their buildings. |
| Fall of France | surrounded and occupied Belgium and Holland, able to get into France. GB and France on counterattack in Belgium when English Channel and Captured Paris. Puppet government by Pètain |
| Operation Dynamo | When many of the French and British fled to Dunkirk, over 800 merchant ships and boats helped French, British and Belgian forces to cross the English Channel and reach safety. |
| Battle of Britain | Luftwaffe bomb Britain. Royal Air Forced used radar to detect and shoot down Luftwaffe |
| Jew Refugees and St. Louis | Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes and places. US did not accepted Jews. ________ ship sent refugees to Miami coast, but Jews were sent back. |
| Neville Chamberlain | agreed to Hitler's Sudetenland invasion |
| Hideki Tojo | Japanese prime minister |
| Benito Mussolini | called himself Il Duce |
| Franciso Franco | led fascist rebellion in Spain |
| Winston Churchill | British prime minister during WWII |
| Joseph Stalin | totalitarian ruler of Soviet Union |
| Charles de Gaulle | ruler of French gov. in exile |
| Adolf Hitler | leader of Nazi party |
| Fascism | form of government that stresses nationalism and places the interest of the state above individual |
| blitzkrieg | Germany's military strategy relied on quick strikes with the use of advanced weaponry |
| End of Battle of Stalingrad | Germany bombed Stalingrad. When tried to take over, Soviets burned villages and retreated. Then Soviets marched toward Germany |
| End of Operation Torch | Allies fought Axis Powers in North Africa. When Africa Korps surrendered, Allies "masters of the North African shores" |
| Victory in Battle of Atlantic | Allies destroyed U-boats faster than Germans made them. Best month at sea during 46 months war. |
| D-Day (Invasion of Normandy) | Allies set up phantom army, send fake radio messages to fool Germans. Eisenhower directs Allied invasion |
| End of Battle of the Bugle | Germans planned to take Antwerp back. Lost irreplaceable equipment, soldiers, supplies. Forced to retreat |
| End of Italian Campaign | Mussolini forced to resign when Sicily captured by Italy. Germans tried to keep Italy in war. |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | commanded Operation Torch |
| George Patton | along with his army, he freed Paris from four years of German rule |
| Harry S. Truman | FDR's vp. 33rd president |
| Battle of Midway | Chester, Nimitz lead. Allies destroyed Japanese naval fleet, started island hopping |
| Iwo Jima | MacArthur lead. Allies advance. Most American casualties in Pacific. Only 200 Japanese survived |
| Battle of Okinawa | MacArthur lead. Last island battle before Japan. |
| V-E Day | May 8th, 1945. Few days after Hitler commits suicide, German Reich unconditional surrender. Gave Americans hope Japan's war would end soon |
| Douglas MacArthur | leads Allied forces in Philippines |
| Bataan Peninsula | FDR orders MacArthur to leave; thousands of troops remain |
| Doolittle | leads raid on Tokyo |
| Guadalcanal | Japan's first defeat on land. |
| Leyte Island | Japanese Imperial Navy destroyed, more affected than US |
| Kamikaze attack | pilots crash bomb-laden planes into ships |
| Oppenheimer | research director of Manhattan project |
| Hiroshima | August 6. Major military center, destroyed by bomb. |
| Nagasaki | 3 days after Hiroshima, bomb dropped here |
| Yalta Conference | FDR, Churchill, Stalin meet in Yalta. 1) Temporarily divide Germany into 4 parts. 2) Stalin promises free elections in Eastern Europe, will fight Japan 3) FDR gets support United Nations |
| Nuremberg Trials | 1100 Japanese tried, sentenced. MacArthur reshapes Japan's economy, government |
| Economic Gains | 1) Defense industries boom, unemployment @ 1.2% 2) Average 10% pay raise during war 3) Farmers prosper from rising crop prices, increase in production 4) Women in work force 35% |
| Social Adjustments during War | 1) Families adjust to fathers gone, only mothers 2) Families must get to know again after fathers return 3) Couples marry fast before husband leaves |
| GI Bill of Rights | Servicemen's Readjustment Act. pays education; loan guarantees for homes, new businesses |
| Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) | James Farmer founded. works on racial segregation in North. racial violence sweeps across nation- Detroit worst |
| Zoot Suit Riots | anti-Mexican involve thousands servicemen, civilians |
| African Americans and WWII | segregated drafts, often picked first. Pilots, tankers, medics, infantry men, officers and bombers. |
| Double V campaign | end racism at home and victory over enemies |
| Japanese-American Internment | harsh conditioned camps, discrimination. Forced to join War Relocation Authority. Executive Order 9066 apologized to Japanese, could return home. |
| Home Front during WWII | scarcity, rationing, shortage. Produced aircraft, tanks, rifles. Collected old tires, fabrics, scrap metal. |
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