Chapter 9: Chemistry of Life
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cell | (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms |
| matter | that which has mass and occupies space |
| energy | anything that brings about change |
| matter | everything, including you, is made of this |
| energy | can hold matter together or beak it apart |
| atom | matter is made up of these |
| proton | positively charged particle of an atom |
| neutron | a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| electron | negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus |
| electron | involved in chemical reactions |
| energy | holds parts of atom together |
| element | a pure substance made of only one kind of atom |
| periodic table of elements | useful scientific chart with information about the elements |
| few things exist | as pure elements |
| compounds | combination of 2 or more elements in exact proportions |
| water | hydrogen plus oxygen |
| molecule | smallest part of molecular compound |
| molecular compounds | form when different atoms share their outermost electrons |
| ions | electrically charged atoms |
| ionic compounds | a compound composed of positive and negative ions |
| ions | are necessary for the movement of some substances into and out of a cell |
| mixture | (chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together that can't change or combine with each other chemically |
| mixture | can be solid, liquid, or gas |
| mixture | combination of sugar and salt |
| solution | two or more substances are mixed evenly |
| sweat | solution of salt and water |
| suspensions | a mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas |
| substances in solutions | sink to bottom of mixture |
| organic compounds | formed by carbon and hydrogen atoms; considered living things |
| carbohydrates | organic compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body |
| lipids | energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| lipids | do not mix with water |
| proteins | organic compounds are building blocks in many organisms |
| muscles | contain large amounts of protein |
| enzymes | proteins that regulate chemical reactions in cells |
| nucleic acids | very large and complex organic molecules that store coded information in cells |
| inorganic compounds | compounds that do not contain carbon |
| important inorganic compound for living things | water |
| living things depend on | water |
| nucleus contains | protons and neutrons |
| molecule | a group of atoms held together by the energy of chemical bonds |
| amino acids | smaller molecules that make up proteins |
| living things contain | more than 50% of water |
| living things use water to | move materials through their bodies |
| all chemical reactions in living things take place in | water solutions |
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