5 Written Questions

1. block DNA synthesis in bacteria; broad spectrum; urinary tract infections; ex. ciprofloxacin, nofloxacin
2. tube dilution method, agar disk diffusion
3. attach to bacterial ribosomes blocking translation of RNA into proteins
4. bacteria evolve changes in drug targets like ribosomes or enzymes involved in replication
5. polypeptide antibiotic; interferes with transport of cell wall precursors through the cell membrane; toxic internally so used topically

5 Matching Questions

1. cephalosporins
2. macrolides
3. active export of antibiotics
4. selective toxicity
5. synthetic drug

1. a drug synthesized in the pharmaceutical lab; like prontosil and salvarsan
2. b says that antimicrobial agent should harm the the infectious agent but not the host
3. c used against gram positive; alternative to penicillin; erythromycin blocks protein synthesis by inhibiting chain elongation (ZPAC-azithromycin)
4. d broader spectrum alternative to penicillins; gram positive and gram negative; resistant to many beta lactamases; cefixime
5. e bacteria may evolve the ability to prevent drug entry into the cytoplasm or to pump the drug out of the cytoplasm

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. reisolated and purified penicillin for use as an antimicrobial drug
   1. gentamicin
   2. neomycin
   3. Florey and Chain
   4. clyndamycin
2. increase membrane permeability of gram negative bacteria; topical use
   1. polymyxins
   2. neomycin
   3. kanamycin
   4. rifampin
3. used against gram negative infections of the urinary tract
   1. neomycin
   2. clyndamycin
   3. gentamicin
   4. kanamycin
4. ability to produce the necessary or desired result
   1. rifampin
   2. neomycin
   3. bacitracin
   4. efficacy
5. used to treat infections, diseases, and other disorders such as cancer
   1. chemotherapeutic index
   2. chemotherapeutic agents
   3. therapeutic dose
   4. antimicrobial agents

5 True/False Questions

1. antibiotics → inhibits the peptide crosslinking of carbohydrates between peptidoglycan layers during wall formation

   True        False

2. semisynthetic drugs → drugs partly of laboratory origin and partly of microbial origin; improve the natural product; reduce side effects

   True        False

3. kanamycin → kills bacteria in the intestines; inhibits cell wall synthesis but drug of last resort because it can cause damage to ears and kidneys; is resisted by enterococcus

   True        False

4. streptomycin → alternative for vancomycin resistant bacteria; used against staphylococcus aureus and respiratory pathogens

   True        False

5. oxazolidinones → effective against gram positive bacteria but is a last resort because it produces allergic reactions and is highly toxic to mitochondria

   True        False