| Term | Definition |
|---|
| lymphopoiesis | lymphocyte production; involves the bone marrow, thymus, and peripheral lymphoid tissues |
| lymphoid tissues | connective tissues dominated by lymphocytes |
| lymphoid nodule | an area of loose connective tissue where lymphocytes are densely packed |
| important lymphoid nodules | aggregated lymphoid nodules - tonsils and appendix |
| where is the appendix | beneath the lining of the intestine |
| where are the tonsils | in the walls of the pharynx |
| important lymphoid organs | lymph nodes, thymus, spleen |
| lymph nodes | encapsulated masses of lymphoid tissue |
| divisions of lymph nodes | deep cortex, outer cortex, medulla |
| what dominates deep cortex? | T cells |
| what do outer cortex and medulla contain? | B cells arranged into medullary cords |
| lymph glands | the largest lymph nodes |
| where are lymph glands found? | where peripheral lymphatics connect with the trunk |
| where are lymph nodes found? | throughout the body, with the exception of the brain |
| where are lymphoid tissues and nodes located? | in areas particularly susceptible to injury or invasion by microorganisms |
| lymph nodes that serve to protect vulnerable areas of the body? | 1. cervical lymph nodes, 2. axillary lymph nodes, 3. popliteal lymph nodes, 4. inguinal lymph nodes, 5. thoracic lymph nodes, 6. abdominal lymph nodes, 7. intestinal lymph nodes, 8. mesenterical lymph nodes |
| glands that are checked during medical examination to determine infection? | cervical, parotid, submandibular, and submental |
| where is the thymus located? | posterior to the manubrium, in the posterior mediastinum |
| what produces thymic hormones? | epithelial cells scattered among the lymphocytes |
| what do thymic hormones do? | promote the differentiation of T cells |
| blood-thymus barrier | prevents free exchange between the interstitial fluid and the circulation, protecting the T cells from being prematurely activated |
| involution | process by which the size of the thymus gradually decreases after puberty |
| spleen | contains the largest mass of lymphoid tissue in the body (ADULT); performs same functions for the blood that lymph nodes perform for the lymph |
| where in the body does the diaphragmatic surface of the spleen lie? | against the diaphragm |
| visceral surface of the spleen | lies against the stomach and kidney; contains a groove called the hilus |
| pulp | formed by cellular components of the spleen |
| red pulp | pulp that contains large amounts of red blood cells |
| white pulp | pulp that resembles lymphatic nodules |
| what does the region surrounding white pulp contain? | large concentration of macrophages |
| what is scattered throughout the red pulp? | lymphocytes |
| splenomegaly | often caused by infection, inflammation, cancer |
| what clinical symptoms indicate a blockage in right lymphatic duct? | edema of the right arm and upper chest |
| what happens to immune system with age? | becomes less effective at combating disease |
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