1.
Anaphase 1: Tetrads split and double stranded chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell. Haploid condition begins here
2.
Anaphase 2: Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite ends of the cell
3.
Autosome: Regular chromosomes that code for traits (but aren't directly involved in determining the sex of an individual.)
4.
Chromatid: A "TID" bit of the chromosome.
5.
Chromatin: In the nucleus, thin thready, looks like a COOKIE TIN(COOKIE TIN = CHROMATIN)
6.
Chromosome: a thread like gene carrying structure found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and is most visible during mitosis and meiosis.
7.
Crossing Over: The exchange of segments between chromatidsof chiasma(the microscopically visible site where crossing over occurs). Occurs during Prophase 1 of Meiosis.
8.
Diploid Cell: In an organism that reproduces sexually, A cell containing two sets of homologous chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent.
9.
Fertilization: The union of the nucleus of a sperm cell with the nucleus of an egg cell. (producing a zygote.)
10.
Gametes: A sex cell; a haploid egg or sperm cell.
11.
gene: traits
12.
Genetic Recombination: The production by the crossing over of offspring with combinations different from the parents.
13.
Haploid Cell: In the life cycle of an organism that reproduces sexually, a cell containing a single set of chromosomes.
14.
Homologous Chromosomes: The two chromosomes that make up a matched pair in a diploid cell.
15.
How to Mix Up Genes in a Eukaryotic Cell: 1. mutations.
2. Crossing over in Prophase 1
3. Law of Independent Assortment.
4. Random Fertilization
16.
Interkinesis: Like interphase but there is no DNA replication
17.
Interphase: G1- Growth
S- DNA replication
G2- More Growth
18.
Karyotype: A display of micrographs of the metaphase chromosomes of a cell.
19.
Law of Independent Assortment: During Metaphase1, it doesnt matter how the tetrads are lined up... Mom's chromosome doesnt have to be lined up on one side of the equator and Dad's chromosome on the other. (Like a middle school dance) *** 1 copy of each chromosome type must get into each daughter cell.
20.
locus: area where the genes are located
21.
LOOK AT MULTIPLE CHOICE IN PACKET AND DIAGRAMS IN BOOK: ...
22.
Meiosis: In a sexually reproducing organism, the division of a single diploid nucleus into four haploud daughter nuclei.
23.
Meiosis creates?: 4 haploid daughter cells that are all genetically different. Daughter cells have HALF the genetic information.
24.
Metaphase 1: tetrads move to the equator of the cell and are being moved by spindle fibers.
25.
Metaphase 2: Chromosomes move to the middle of the cell
26.
Mutations: Spontaneous change in the nitrogen base sequence of DNA
27.
N: The number of distinguishable chromosome types.
28.
Prophase 1: Nuclear membrane breaks down
Nucleolus disappears
Spindle fibers form
Centrioles move to opposite ends.
Synapsis and crossing over occur.
29.
Prophase 2: Nucleus breaaks down
Chromosomes condense
Spindle forms
Centrioles move to opposite ends
30.
Random Fertilization: Unrelated gametes fuse causing the zygote to have a combination of genes unlike anybody else.
31.
Sex Chromosomes: A chromosome that determines whether an individual is male or female.
32.
Sister Chromatids: One of the two identical parts of a duplicated chromosome in a eukaryotic cell.
33.
Somatic Cell: Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell( or a cell that develops into a sperm or an egg)
34.
Synapsis: Homologous chromosomes join and form a tetrad.
35.
Telophase 1/ Cytokinesis: Nucleus reforms
Chromosomes may unwind
Spindle disappears
Cytokinesis occurs
Result; 2 haploid non-identical cells.
36.
Telophase 2/ Cytokinesis: Chromosomes unwind to become chromatin
Spindle fibers break down
Result: 4 Haploid Non- identical cells
37.
Tetrad: A paired set of homologous chromosomes made up of sister chromatids.
38.
Why Go Through Meiosis?: To create gametes which will then in turn create eggs/sperm.
39.
X and Y chromosomes: xx- male xy- female
40.
Zygote: The fertilized (diploid) egg.
