| Term | Definition |
|---|
| autotroph | "Self-feeders" (make their own food); Produser |
| heterotroph | "Other-Feeders" (eat other organisms for food); Consumer |
| Cellular Respiration | The aerobic harvesting of chemical energy from organic fuel molecules |
| aerobic | using oxygen |
| anaerobic | functioning with oxygen |
| mitochondria | an organelle in eukaryotic cells where cellular respiration occurs. Having a double membrane, it is where most of a cell's ATP is made. |
| Inner and Outer membranes | the two parts of the double membrane of the mitochondria |
| Matrix | The thick fluid contained in the mitochondria |
| Cristae | The inner membrane of envelope of the mitochondria that has many folds |
| Glycolysis | the multistep chemical breakdown of a glucose molecule into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid; the first step of cellular respiration; occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell |
| Krebs Cycle (citric acid cycle) | The chemical reaxtiona occuring in the matrix in the mitochondria which finishes the breakdown of glucose (now in the form of Acetyl CoA) into CO2. Provides most of the NADH molecules for the electron transport chain.(produces a small amount of ATP) |
| Redox reaction | chemical reaction that transfers electrons from one substance to another. |
| Oxidation | The loss of e- during a reaction |
| Reduction | the acceptance of e- during a reaction |
| Electron transport chain | A redox reaction in which e- are shuttled down a protein complex towards an oxygen molecule so that they in the end form H2O. This electron chain pumps hydrogen ions across the membrane, and their rushing back in through an ATP synthase creates ATP. Occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate; the main energy source for cells |
| ATP synthase | A complex of proteins in a cellular membrane that functions with the hydrogen ions pumped by an electron transport chain to produce ATP |
| ADP | Adenosine diphosphate; a molecule made of a adenine molecule (ribose sugar) and two phosphate groups. When combined with a 3rd phosphate, it creates ATP |
| Electron carrier | A molecule that shuttles electrons (e-) within a cell EX: NADH and FADH2 |
| Fermentation | the anaerobic harvest of food by cells (uses glucose but no ATP to produce 2 ATP per molecule and a different waste product = lactic acid) |
| Lactic Acid | A waste product of fermentation created by the reduction of pyruvic acid |
| Alcohol Fermentation | The conversion of the product of glycolysis (pyruvic acid) into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol during fermentation |
| Obligate anaerobes | organisms that are poisoned by osygen (certain bacteria living undergraound or in stagnant ponds) |
| obligate aerobes | depend on oxygen and cellular respiration to survive (humans) |
| Facultative anaerobes | An organism with the metabolic versitility to be able to do either cellular respiration or fermentation |
| Oxygen | A key component of cellular respiration used at the end of the electron transport chain |
| Hydrogen Ion | A component of cellular respiration gained from glucose that plays a key role in the electron transport chain because of how it moves across the membrane of the mitochondria |
| Water | A waste product of cellular respiration created when the H+'s from the electron transport chain combine with oxygen and e-'s |
| Carbon dioxide | A waste product of cellular respiration that comes from the citric acid cycle and the conversion of pyruvic acid to Acetyl CoA before that cycle. Also a waste of Alcohol fermentation |
| Chemical equation of cellular respiration | Glucose + 6 oxygen = 6 carbon dioxide + 6 H2O + ATP |
| Molecular formula of Glucose | C6 H12 O6 |
| Acetyl CoA | A molecule formed by the conversion of pyruvic acid which is the main input of the citric acid cycle to make CO2 & ATP |
| Pyruvic Acid | The output of Glycolysis |
Combine with other sets
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