| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Dutch East India Company (Cape Colony – See Map) | In 1602, a group of regents of Holland formed the Dutch East India Company, a joint-stock company. It traded extensively with Latin America and Africa. Within half a century, the Dutch East India Company had cut heavily into the Portuguese trading in East India. The Dutch seized the Cape of Good Hope, Ceylon, and Malacca and established trading posts in each place. Trade and commerce brought the Dutch prodigious wealth. In the seventeenth century, the Dutch enjoyed the highest standard of living in Europe, perhaps in the world. Amsterdam and Rotterdam built massive granaries where the surplus of one year can be stored against possible shortages in the next. (557) |
| Boers (Dutch farmers) | The Boers proclaimed their independence and defended their land against the British armies. By the 1880s, they and the British armies had taken control much of South Africa from several African peoples. (871) |
| English Take over (1806) | ** |
| Battle of Blood River (Zulu) | 1838 Between Zulu and Afrikaners/Boers. After Trek. A minor importance but the Afrikaners saw it as proof that they are better then others. They supposedly prayed and that is why they defeated the Zulus. |
| Transvaal and Orange Free States | the two colonies the afrikaners established |
| Discovery of Gold and Diamonds (late 19th C) | The discovery of diamonds and then gold in South Africa brought a rush of prospectors to the country and had significant effects on the history of South Africa, both politically and economically. |
| Boer Wars (1899-1903) | Wars between the Dutch and British in Africa. A sort of cold war between the two powers. The Dutch wanted slavery but the English didn't |
| Nelson Mandela | He was put in jail for 26 years and then became the first black president of South Africa, ANC supporter, was sent to jail for having connections and being part of the ANC was relased from jail when apartheid ended. After the treason trails he went "underground". Also president of the Youth League in 1950He was the leader of South Africa in 1994, serving as the first black president after De Klerk and bringing about sweeping reforms throughout the country. He made sure to respect the rights of the whites as well in order to ensure a healthy reign. |
| Apartheid (b. 1918) | Apartheid=apartness. A legal system of segregation adopted in S.Africa in 1948 which divided the people into white, black, asian, mixed and controlled their rights and liberties |
| Afrikaners | South Africans descended from Dutch and French settlers of the seventeenth century. Their Great Trek founded new settler colonies in the nineteenth century. Though a minority among South Africans, they held political power after 1910. (735) |
| National Party (1948) | Afrikaner (white) party. for apartheid. wanted things to be seperate between all the races. |
| Homelands | Nationally independent ethnic territories created for blacks under the Grand Apartide Scheme. homelands were on marginal land, overcrowded, in the post apartide era they were eliminated |
| Population Registration Act | – 1950 – created 3 official races – white, coloured, and African |
| African National Congress (ANC) | An organization dedicated to obtaining equal voting and civil rights for black inhabitants of South Africa. Founded in 1912 as the South African Native National Congress, it changed its name in 1923. Eventually brought equality (809) |
| Youth League (part of ANC) | ** |
| Defiance Campaign (April 6, 1952) | 1952. Nelson Mandela the chief of campaign and fought the pass system by filling the prisons with people, and did not work, but made the ANC stronger, |
| The Freedom Charter | similar to the Decleration of Independance/Bill of Rights. states the rights that the blacks should have. made in 1955. made by the Defiance Campaign and approved by the Congress of the People. |
| Sharpeville Massacre (March 21, 1960) | township south of Johanasberg. Violence between police and protesters. protesters did not hurt police, but police used violence. later, people gathered around police station. one police was puched over. police men fired into crowd with no warnings. |
| PAC (Pan African Congress) | 1919, set up by African American W.E.B DuBois delegates met in pairs from African colonies, West Indies, US. allies held peace conference in paris at the same time and were aksed by congress to approve their charter of rights for Africans. Westerners ignored the charter, but the congress developed between Africans and African American leaders. |
| Steven Bikko | a noted anti-apartheid activist in South Africa in the 1960s and 1970s. A student leader, he later founded the Black Consciousness Movement which would empower and mobilize much of the urban black population. Since his death in police custody, he has been called a martyr of the anti-apartheid movement.[2] While living, his writings and activism attempted to empower black people, and he was famous for his slogan "black is beautiful", which he described as meaning: "man, you are okay as you are, begin to look upon yourself as a human being".[3] Despite friction between the ANC and Biko throughout the 1970s[Need quotation on talk to verify] the ANC has included Biko in the pantheon of struggle heroes, going as far as using his image for campaign posters in South Africa's first non-racial elections in 1994 |
| Soweto | A big group of townships, one day 15,000 students marched in defiance of a police ban. they held there ground as the police came and many people were shot. This caused many other town ships to rebel.they had these protests beucase they felt that the goverment was being unfiar beucase they now had to be taught Afrikaans, also unemployment. |
| Mandela's Letter read by his daughter (p.er of freedom at the Jabulani Stadium in Soweto in which Mandela rejects Botha's offer and calling on him to dismantle apartheid and unb148) | "" Zindziwe Mandela reads out her father's reply to P W Botha 's offer of freedom at the Jabulani Stadium in Soweto in which Mandela rejects Botha's offer and calling on him to dismantle apartheid and unban the African National Congress (ANC). This is the first time in two decades that the public hears Mandela's own words. Protest action spreads throughout the country. |
| Mandela Released, February 1990 | ""Nelson Mandela was released on February 11, 1990. After his release, he plunged himself wholeheartedly into his life's work, striving to attain the goals he and others had set out almost four decades earlier. In 1991, at the first national conference of the ANC held inside South Africa after the organization had been banned in 1960, Mandela was elected President of the ANC while his lifelong friend and colleague, Oliver Tambo, became the organisation's National Chairperson. |
| Elected First Black South African President, 1994. | In 1994 Mandela was elected the first black president in South Africa's history. . When Nelson Mandela became president, South Africa and the ANC announced its reconstruction and development plan to tackle the problems of the country. "There is no easy walk to freedom," Nelson Mandela stated when he took office as president of South Africa in 1994. He was right, for the years after South Africa resisted apartheid would be challenging. South Africa was new and everything changed as a result of the election when Mandela took office, and yet it still had deep problems that stemmed from years of oppression. President Nelson Mandela's greatest problem was the housing shortage for the poor. Slum Townships continued to stain major cities. The government announced its intention to work on a fair reorganization of land when Mandela took office. Indeed, the RDP (Reconstruction and Development Programme) had four priorities in which they sought to help to make South Africa a better place: Health, Housing, Education, and Economic Growth. |
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