13.1-13.4
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Created by:
camgreene3 on February 9, 2012
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 RNA | ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins |
| messenger RNA | Type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm |
| ribosomal RNA | type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes |
| transcription | process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complementary strand of mRNA |
| RNA playmerase | An enzyme that binds to DNA during transcription and separate DNA strands. |
| promoter | Region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA. |
| intron | a section of DNA that does not code for an amino acid and that is transcribed into RNA but is removed before it is translated |
| exon | in RNA processing, the coding sequence that remains in the final mRNA |
| polypeptide | long chain of amino acids that makes proteins |
| genetic code | The set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells. |
| codon | Three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid. |
| translation | the portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains |
| anticodon | group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon |
| gene expression | The process whereby genetic information flows from genes to proteins |
| mutations | heritable changes in genetic information |
| point mutations | Mutations that occur at a single point in the DNA sequence |
| frameshift mutations | Types of mutations that result from insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide into the normal DNA sequence. |
| mutagens | A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation. |
| polyploidy | the condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes |
| operon | a group of genes that operate together |
| operator | regulatory sequencese of DNA to which a repressor protein binds |
| RNA interference | a technique used to silence the expression of selected genes. RNAi uses synthetic double stranded RNA molecules that match the sequence of a particular gene to trigger the breakdown of the genes mRNA |
| differentiation | change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization. |
| hemeotic genes | A set of master control genes that regulates organs that develop specific parts of the body. |
| Homeobox genes | genes that code for transcription factors that activate other genes that are important in cell development and differentiation |
| Hox genes | a series of genes that control the differentiation of cells and tissues in the embryo |
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