History Terms and IDs For Exam
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bellabunny18 on February 9, 2012
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 To Veto | To block (a law or idea) |
| tribune | An official that the plebeians elected, the tribune would be their voice in the senate, and would veto or block laws they considered harmful to plebeians |
| Plebeians | a member of the lower class of Rome, farmers, merchants, artisans and traders (bulk of roman population) |
| Dictator | A leader elected in a time of disaster (i.e. war), who would have power for six months he would have complete control over the government |
| Consul | An official elected by the senate, his job was to supervise the business of the government and command the armies, there were two per year |
| Patrician | A member of the land holding wealthy class of Rome |
| Republic | system of government in which officials are chosen by the people |
| Bread and Circuses | The policy Rome developed of giving the poor free grain, and giving public entertainment to distract the people and cover up problems |
| Hadrian | "Good" emperor, made laws the same in all provinces, and built a wall across Britain to hold back attackers |
| Nero | Persecuted Christians, and may have set fire that destroyed much of Rome |
| Theodora | Justinian's shrewd wide, who came from humble beginnings, she inspired Justinian to stay instead of flee from a revolt |
| Caligula | insane, appointed favorite horse as consul |
| Julius Caesar | A brilliant general, who set off for new conquests, and was very successful, an old ally Pompey, nervous about the fame Caesar gained persuaded the Senate to order Caesar to disband his army. Caesar resisted, crushed Pompey+supporters, cooled the rebellion throughout the Mediterranean (veni, vidi, vici), he made himself dictator, keeping soem parts of the republic, he took a census and made some reforms but was eventually stabbed to death by the Senate |
| Gracchus Brothers | Tiberius: elected tribune 133 B.C. called on the state to distribute land to poor farmers Gaius: elected to years later- wider range of reforms including the use of public funds to buy grain to feed the poor |
| latifundia | huge Roman estates |
| Provinces | lands under roman rule |
| Imperialism | establishing control over foreign lands and people |
| Hannibal | General who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War, he crossed the Alps and destroyed much of Italy, but was recalled to defend Carthage and was defeated (247-182 BC) |
| Cinncinatus | A Roman dictator who led Rome to victory and back home, all within 16 days |
| Legion | basic military unit made up of about 5,000 men |
| Prophet | A spiritual leader who interprets God's will |
| Monotheism | believing in one true god |
| convenant | a binding agreement |
| Messiah | An anointed king sent by God |
| Hagia Sophia | Built by Justinian, means "Holy Wisdom", It had an immense arching dome, the interior was colored marble and embroidered silk curtains |
| Domesday Book | Census taken 1086, listed everything and enabled a strong fair system of taxation, decreed by William the conqueror |
| Hundred Years War | A struggle for land between the English and French ultimately won by the French |
| Henry II | 1154-inherited the throne, he expanded customs into law, and he developed an early Jury system. He tried to expand royal power into the church, this led to an argument between him and the church. Three of his knights killed the archbishop he was arguing with. Henry denied any part but eased up on the church. |
| William the Conqueror | A ruthless Norman conqueror, who gained the throne of England in the battle of Hastings in 1066 (w/ Pope's backing) |
| Joan of Arc | A 17 year old peasant girl, who claimed she heard holy voices, and that she was sent by God to help France win, after being turned in by the uncrowned french king she was ultimately executed by the English, on charges of Witchcraft |
| Common law | A legal system based on custom and court rulings |
| Jury | group of men sworn to speak the truth, these jury's decided which cases were brought to trial, and a later version was composed of 12 of the accused neighbors |
| Thomas Becket | Archbishop of Canterbury who opposed Henry's attempts on trying to expand royal power into the church. He was murdered by knights of Henry. |
| Parliament | developed from the great council. Gave advice to rulers and often approved monarchs actions. It had both common representatives, nobles, and clergy. |
| Interdict | a papal order that forbad church services in entire kingdom |
| King John | A clever, greedy, cruel and untrustworthy ruler, he was son of King Henry II, was forced to sign the Magna Carta by nobles after abusing his power |
| fief | Estate lord gave to vassal |
| feudal contract | an exchange of pledges made by the lord to vassal, and vice versa |
| vassal | lesser lord who was given land in exchange for service and payments |
| Sagas | Long narrative poems told by bards (not written until 13th or 14th century) |
| Runes | Viking alphabet symbols |
| Magna Carta | a legal document that a group of angered Barons forced King John to sign, that declared their certain rights |
| Justinian | The leader that Byzantine reached its greatest size under (527-565), he built the Hagia Sophia, and created Justinian's code, he ruled as an autocrat but was advised by his wife Theodora |
| Justinian's Code | "Corpus Juris Civilis", body of civil law, it was a compilation of laws passed by Roman assemblies or laws decreed by the Roman emperors, along w/ legal writings of Roman Judges and a handbook for students |
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