| Term | Definition |
|---|
| excommunication | the act of banishing a member of the Church from the communion of believers and the privileges of the Church |
| feudalism | the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th C |
| Crusades | 1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade |
| Black_Death | the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe |
| Charlemagne | king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor |
| apprentice | works for an expert to learn a trade |
| Code of Chivalry | a code of behavior that governed the aspect of all knights behavior |
| fief | a piece of land held under the feudal system |
| heresy | a belief that rejects the orthodox tenets of a religion |
| Holy_Roman_Empire | the lands ruled by Charlemagne |
| heretic | a person who holds religious beliefs in conflict with the dogma of the Roman Catholic Church |
| inquisition | a severe interrogation (often violating the rights or privacy of individuals) |
| Lord | a titled peer of the realm |
| Magna_Carta | the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215 |
| pogroms | organized attacks against jews |
| serf | (Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord |
| vassal | a person holding a fief |
| Urban_II | pope who called for the First Crusade (1042-1099) |
| troubadour | a singer of folk songs |
| illuminated manuscript | luxurious, handmade book with painted illustrations and decorations |
| Hundred Years War | Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families. (p. 413) |
| Hundred Years War | Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families. (p. 413) |
| interdict | an ecclesiastical censure by the Roman Catholic Church withdrawing certain sacraments and Christian burial from a person or all persons in a particular district |
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