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State identifies a political community in a precise territory Sovereignty a state has; its gov't makes & enforces its own laws without approval from any other authority nation a sizable group of people who believe themselves united by common bonds of race, language, custom, or religion nation-state a term used when both a nation and a state coincide Consensus a agreement about basic beleifs and values Gov't is the institution through which a state maintains social order, provides public services, and enforces decisions Unitary System of gov't gives all key powers to the central gov't Federal system of gov't divides the powers of gov't between the national and state or provincial gov't Confederacy or confederation - a loose union of independent states constitution is a plan that provides rules for a gov't constitutional gov't a gov't in which a constitution has authority to place clearly recongnized limits on the powers of those who govern preamble a statement that sets forth the goals and purposes that the gov't will serve constitutional law is the field of law that studies questions on how to interpret the constitution politics the effort to control or influence the conduct and policies of gov't Industrialized nations have generally large industries and advanced technology that provide a more comfartable way of life than developing nations Developing Nations are only begging to develop industrially Autocracy is the system of gov't in which one person has all the authority and power to rule monarchy is another form of gov't in which one person has great power; a king, queen or emperor inherits the throne and heads the state oligarchy is any system of gov't in which a small group holds power democracy is a system of gov't in which rule is by the people,either through representatives or directly republic the head of state is not a king or queen, and voters elect representatives to run the nations gov't political party is a group of individuals with broad common interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct gov't, and determine public policy Free enterprise is the freedom of private business to operate with minimal gov't regulation Economics is the study of how limited resources are used to satisfy peoples seemingly unlimited wants capitalism is an economic system in which freedom of choice and individual incentive for workers,investors,consumers, and business enterprises are emphasized free market meant that the gov't placed no limits on the freedom of buyers and sellers to make economic decisions laissez-faire leave the economy alone as much as possible socialism is an economic system in which the gov't owns the basic means of production, determines the use of resources, distributes the products and wages and provides social services communism marx predicted only one class,the working class Command economy in communist nations, gov't planners ecide how much to produce, what to produce, and how to distibute the goods and services produced legitimacy the rightful authority a state has over its people law set of rules of conduct, made and enforced by a state anarchy a state of political disorder resulting from the absence of rules of gov't