Nursing 310: Powerpoint - Health promotion throughout the life span 7th ed.
About this set
Created by:
slparker87 on February 9, 2012
Subjects:
Classes:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
96 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 verbal communication | pacing, intonation, clarity and brevity, timing and relevance, credibility, and humor |
| nonverbal communication | facial expression, posture, personal appearance, gestures, touch |
| factors affecting communication | environment, developmental level, gender, sociocultural factors, roles and relationships, personal space |
| personal space | intimate distance (<18 inches), personal distance (18 inches to 4 ft), social distance (4-12 feet), public distance (12 feet) |
| Phases of therapeutic relationships | pre-interaction, orientation, working, termination |
| Characteristics of therapeutic communication | empathy, respect, genuine, concreteness, confrontation |
| How to enhance therapeutic communication | active listening, summarizing, interpreting body language and share observations, silence, open-ended questions, restating, clarifying, trust, assertiveness, select focus, validating, eye contact, speak clearly and firmly, be self-confident, remain professional, be positive, congruent message, make "I" statements, state facts and not judgements |
| barriers to therapeutic communication | asks too many question, ask why, changing subject, failing to listen, expressing approval or disapproval, offering advice, provide false reassurance, stereotyping, patronizing language |
| health education | planned learning experiences that provide patients the opportunity to acquire the information and skills needed to make quality health decisions |
| learning | the process of gaining knowledge and skills that lead to behavioral change |
| education allows individuals to: | make knowledgeable, health-related decisions, assume personal responsibility for their health, cope effectively with alterations in their health and lifestyles |
| Domains of learning | cognitive, psychomotor, affective |
| cognitive | ... |
| psychomotor | ... |
| affective | ... |
| educational process | identify need, establish goals, implement plan, evaluate |
| GOALS | S- single, m - measurable, a-attainable, r-realistic, t- time oriented |
| barriers to learning | acute illness, pain, prognosis, biorhythms, emotion, age, culture, religion, language, literacy level, disability, motivation |
| health literacy | the capacity to read, comprehend, and follow through on health information |
| health screenings | primary objective is to detect disease in its early stages, treat it,and deter its progression |
| advantages of health screenings | simple and inexpensive, ability to reach individuals and groups, ability to do one or multiple screenings, provide opportunity for health education |
| disadvantages of health screenings | margin of error, anxiety and cost, missed disease |
| vision screening | snellen chart - stand 20 feet from chart and read the letters on each line, record number for line when patient misses less than 2 letters, assess each eye separately and then together |
| myopia | diminished distance vision |
| what age does a child's vision reach 20/20 | 6-7 years |
| hyperopia | client must hold newsprint further away to read |
| color-blindness | inability to detect color; diagnosed using ishihara cards |
| how to perform skin self-exam | in mirror, examine: front, back, right, and left side with arms raised, bend elbows, backs of legs, feet, between toes, soles of feet, back of neck and scalp, back and buttocks |
| mole assessment | any new moles or changes in existing moles? frequency? A - asymmetry, B - Irregular borders, C - Color variations, D - Diameter > 6 mm, monthly self-exam and every 3 yrs by dr. from age 20 |
| Cholesterol | Should be checked at age 20; total cholesterol <200mg/dL; triglyceride< 150mg/dL, HDL >40 mg/dL, LDL <70mg/dL |
| Blood pressure | should be checked every 2 years; normal <120/80, pre-hypertension 120-139/80-89, stage 1 hypertension 140-159/90-99, stage 2 hypertension >160/>100 |
| blood glucose | age 45, every 3 yrs, normal <100, >126mg/dl = diabetes |
| breast exam | monthly self exam for males and females, every 3 years by clinician age 20-39; starting at preteen |
| pelvic and testicular | testicular self exam monthly for males and yearly by clinician; pelvic every 1-3 years starting at age 21 or before if sexually active |
| mammogram | every 1-2 years beginning at age 40 |
| test for STI or chlamydia | with new or multiple partners |
| fecal occult blood | yearly at age 50 |
| colonoscopy | beginning at age 50 and done every 5-10 years |
| hearing test | starting at age 18, then every 10 years until age 50 then every 3 years |
| oral health | 1-2 times/year |
| adult vaccinations | influenza, pneumococcal vaccine, tetanus-diptheria booster vaccine, hpv vaccine, meningococcal, herpes zoster vaccine (shingles) - age 60 |
| vital signs | temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, pain, oxygen saturation |
| temperature | degree of heat maintained by the body; routes: oral, rectal, axillary, tympanic; normal values 96.2-100.4 F (36.2-38 C); rectal and typanic = 1 degree higher, axillary = 1 degree lower |
| Infants lose ____ % of their heat from their heads | 30% |
| Why are older adults more susceptible to environmental temperature extremes? | slower metabolism and loss of subcutaneous tissue |
| Factors influencing temperature | age, environmental temperature, hormones, exercise, emotions or stress, drinking hot or cold beverages, illness or infection |
| How to convert Fahrenheit to Centigrade | subtract 32 from Fahrenheit and multiply by 5/9 |
| How to convert Centigrade to Fahrenheit | multiply centigrade by 9/5 and add 32 |
| Types of thermometers | glass - takes 3-5 mins, shake until reads below 96F; electronic - takes 15-45 seconds; tympanic - takes 2-5 seconds |
| Oral Temperature | has a blue/green tip; avoid eating, drinking, smoking 15-30 minutes before; no talking; contraindicated infants and small children, oral surgery, mouth breathers, patient with chills, confused, unconscious |
| Rectal Temperature | has a red tip; contraindications - rectal disease or surgery, severe diarrhea, patients with cardiac surgery or heart conditions; procedure - adult = laying on side in Sims position w/ knees flexed; child = on back w/ legs prone; insert tip of thermometer adult- 1-1.5 inches, child- 0.9 inches, infant- 0.5 inches |
| Axillary Temperature | contraindications - sweating (diaphoresis); procedure- place in middle of axillae and lower arm across chest |
| Tympanic Temperature | contraindications - patient with ear surgery; procedure- position= patient head to side and straighten ear canal (adult=pull pinna back and up, child= pull pinna down and back); insert probe gently, then rotate to jaw |
| Pyrexia | Fever - temp greater than 100.4 F (38C); treatment= fluids, tylenol or motrin, no ASA in children, cool (tepid) bath, ice or cool cloths to neck, groin, axillae |
| hypothermia | temp <96.8F (36C); treatment= warm and dry clothing, blankets, warm fluids to drink, warm bath |
| pulse | NORMAL BPM: newborn= 100-160 bpm, 6mnths= 110-160 bpm, 1 year= 90-150 bpm, 3 years= 80-125, 5 years= 70-115, 10 years and over= 60-100 |
| factors influencing pulse | age, gender, exercise, food (ingestion of food increases heart rate), stress, fever, disease, blood loss, position changes, medications |
| Taking a Pulse | palpate (feel) pulse w/ index and middle fingers and count number of beats; radial= for regular -time for 30 seconds and multiply by 2, irregular- time for 60 seconds; apical (intercostal space between ribs)- count one minute |
| apical pulse | before age 4- between 4&5th ribs, at ages 4-6 and adult- between 5&6th ribs |
| bradycardia | heart rate below 60 beats/minute |
| tachycardia | heart rate above 60 beats/minute |
| respiration | number of breaths per minute; NORMAL RESPIRATION= newborn- 30-60r/min, 6mnths- 24-38 r/min, 1 year- 22-30 r/min, 5 years- 20-24 r/min, 10 years 16-22 r/min, 14 years 14-20 r/min, 18 years and over 12-20 r/min |
| factors influencing respiration | age, exercise, pain, stress, anxiety, fear, smoking, fever, pulse, hemoglobin (increase if low- anemic), disease, medications, position (standing = increase, laying down or slumping= decrease) |
| Checking respiration | w/ patient in a sitting position, flex arm and place over chest- count # of breaths in a minute; regular rate= count for 30 seconds and multiply by 2; irregular rate or infants/ children= count for 1 minute |
| apnea | absence of breathing |
| bradypnea | slow respirations, <10 per minute |
| tachpnea | fast respirations, >24 per minute |
| hyperventilation | deep and rapid respirations |
| hypoventilation | slow and shallow respirations |
| blood pressure | pressure of the blood as it is forced arterial walls during cardiac contraction; systolic= peak pressure exerted against arterial walls, highest number ( blood pushes out of body), diastolic= minimum pressure exerted against arterial walls, lowest number (heart resting between beats); recorded as systolic/diastolic |
| Normal blood pressure | generally not measured until age 10; normal <120/<80, pre-hypertension 120-139/80-89, stage 1:hypertension 140-159/90-99, stage 2: hypertension >160/>100 |
| factors influencing blood pressure | age, gender, family history, lifestyle, exercise, body position, stress, pain, race, obesity, diurnal variations (circadian rhythm), medications, diseases |
| Taking a blood pressure | do not take in an arm w/ IV, renal dialysis fistula, skin graft, disease or trauma, cast of dressing, breast or shoulder surgery; cuff should be 1 inch above antecubital space and bladder with cover 2/3 upper arm, inflate cuff to 200mm/hg, slowly deflate cuff steadily (record number first sound and record number last sound heard) |
| hypotension | bp<100 mm/hg; check to see if patient is experiencing dizziness, fatigue, concentraton problems, activity intolerance, or shortness of breath |
| orthostatic hypotension | occurs when bp drops by 10 mm/hg as patient changes positions; lying to standing or sitting to standing |
| pain assessment | pain scale 1-10; PQRST= pain location, quality (sharp, dull, etc.), radiation, severity (pain scale), time and relief measures (what have you done and did it help) |
| Pulse osimetry | oxygen saturation in arterial blood, normal= 95-100%, measured in finger, earlobe, toe; no fingernail polish/ artificial nails |
| people on oral contraceptives need extra | vitamin B & C |
| cigarette smoker's need extra | vitamin B & C |
| Vegetarians need extra | B12, vitamin D, Calcium, Iron, Zinc |
| Factors affecting Nutrition | developmental stage, genetics, psychological, socioeconomic and cultural reasons, environment, technical, dieting for weight loss, functional limitations, medications |
| Medicines with high incidence of nausea | acetylsalicyclic acid (aspirin), antibiotics, anticonvulsants (dilantin), antidepressants, anti-inflammatory agents, antineoplastic agents (chemotherapy), asthma medications, birth control pills, fluoride supplements, potassium chloride, vitamin and mineral supplements |
| Benefits of breastmilk | helps immune system, decreases allergies, lowers risk of obesity |
| top 4 health problems related to poor nutrition | 1. heart disease, 2. stroke, 3. cancer, 4. type 2 diabetes |
| top 4 results of excessive alcohol intake | 1. motor vehicle accidents, 2. cirrhosis, 3. suicide, 4. homicide |
| Nutritional Assessment Screening | nutritional self-assessment, diet history, weight, diagnostic tests: cholesterol & lipid levels & glucose, calculate basal metabolic rate and body mass index, anthropometric measurements: skin fold measurements, circumferences, body mass index |
| Placement of skin-fold measurement | men- subscapular, women and children- triceps |
| waist-to-hip ratio | amount of fat distributed in abdomen vs. fat distributed below the waist |
| BMI | weight in pounds / height in inches / height in inches x 703; underweight <18.5 low risk, normal 18.5-24.9 average risk, pre-obese 25.0-29.9 mildly increased, class I obesity 30.0-34.9 moderate risk, class II obesity 35.0-39.9 severe risk, Class III Obesity (morbid obesity) 40.0 and over very severe risk |
| Basal metabolic rate | energy required by resting tissue to maintain function |
| factors affecting BMR | body composition: lean body tissue increases BMR, growth periods increase BMR, body temp elevation increase BMR, environmental temp- cold weather increases BMR, disease processes increase BMR, prolonged physical activity increases BMR |
| Ideal body weight: Mahoney Formula | males= height (inches) x 4 - 128; females= height (inches) x 3.5 - 108; large frame= wrist >7 inches in males or >6.5 inches in females, add 10% to total; small frame= wrist< 7 inches in males or 6.5 inches in females, subtract 10% from total |
| Nutritional Supplements needed for: | pregnant women= folic acid; older adults= calcium, vitamin D, Vitamin B12 |
| Body Fat Recommendations | men- 15-16%, women- 23-24% |
| 10 golden rules for food safety | 1. choose food processed for safety, 2. cook food thoroughly, 3. eat cooked foods immediately, 4. store cooked foods carefully, 5. reheat cooked foods thoroughly, 6. avoid contact between raw and cooked food, 7. wash hands frequently, 8. keep all kitchen surfaces clean, 9. protect food from insects, rodents, 10. use safe water |
| Children and adolescents | ... |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.