Social Psychology chapter 5 (The self)
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Self-Concept | The content of the self. That is, our knowledge about who we are. |
| Self-awareness | The act of thinking about ourselves. |
| Independent View of the Self | A way of defining oneself in terms of ones own internal thoughts, feelings, and actions and not in terms of the thoughts, feelings, and actions of other people. |
| Interdependent View of the Self | A way of defining oneself in terms of one's relationships to other people. Recognizing that one's behavior is often determined by the thoughts, feelings, and actions of others. |
| Introspection | The process by which people look inward and examine thier own thoughts, feelings, and motives. |
| Self-awareness theory | The idea that when people focus their attention on themselves, they evaluate and compare their behavior to their internal standards and values. |
| Causal theories | Theories about the causes of one's own feelings and behaviors. Often we learn such theories from our culture (e.g. "absence makes the heart grow fonder") |
| Reasons-generated attitude change | Attitude change resulting from thinking about the reasons for one's attitudes. People assume their attitudes match the reasons that are plausible and easy to verbalize. |
| Self-perception theory | The theory that when our attitudes and feelings are uncertain or ambiguous, we infer these states by observing our behavior and the situation in which it occurs. |
| Intrinsic motivation | The desire to engage in an activity because we enjoy it or find it interesting, not because of external rewards or pressures. |
| Extrinsic Motivation | The desire to engage in an activity because of external rewards or pressures, not because we enjoy the task or find it interesting. |
| Overjustification Effect | The tendency for people to view their behavior as caused by compelling extrinsic reasons, making them underestimate the extent to which it was caused by intrinsic reasons. |
| Task-Contingent Rewards | Rewards that are given for performing a task, regardless of how well the task is done. |
| Performance-Contigent Rewards | Rewards that are based on how well we perform a task. |
| Two-factor theory of emotion | The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it. |
| Misattribution of Arousal | The process whereby people make mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel the way they do. |
| Appraisal theories of emotion | Theories holding that emotions result from people's interpretations and explanations of events, even in the absence of physiological arousal. |
| Fixed Mindset | The idea that we have a set amount of an ability that cannot change. |
| Growth Mindset | The idea that our abilities are malleable qualities that we can cultivate and grow. |
| Social Comparison Theory | The idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people. |
| Downward Social Comparison | Comparing ourselevs to people who are worse than we are on a particular trait or ability. |
| Upward Social Comparison | Comparing ourselves to people who are beter than we are on a particular trait or ability. |
| Social Tuning | The proces whereby people adopt another person's attitudes. |
| Impression Management | The attempt by people to get others to see them as they want to be seen |
| Ingratiation | The process whereby people flatter, praise, and generally try to make themselves likable to another person, often of higher status. |
| Self-Handicapping | The strategy whereby people create obstacles and excuses for themselves so that if they do poorly on a task, they can avoid blaming themselves. |
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