Social Studies Final Key Ideas
Order by
51 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Compromise of 1850 | agreement over slavery by which California joined the Union as a free state and a strict fugitive slave law was passed |
| Fugitive Slave Law | law passed in 1850 that required all citizens to aid in the capture of runaway slaves |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | an 1854 law that established the territitories of Nebraska and Kansas and giving the settlers the right of popular sovereignty to decide on the issue of slavery |
| Bleeding Kansas | name given to Kansas because of violence between proslavery bands and antislavery forces |
| Dred Scott Decision | slave; argued that he was free because he had lived in a free state for a period of time; the supreme court ruled that Scott was not a citizen, he was a slave (property); ruled that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional-Congress did not have the power to outlaw slavery |
| Union Goals in the Civil War | preserve the Union (Lincoln); blockade Southern ports to prevent trade with Europe; control Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in two; capture Richmond (capitol of the Confederacy) |
| Confederate Goals in the Civil War | fight a defensive war and wear down the Union army; obtain help from European countries like England and France; capture Washington D.C. (capitol of the Union) |
| Union Victories in the Civil War | Battle of Gettysburg, Seige at Vicksburg |
| Confederate Victories in the Civil War | Battle of Bull Run, Battle of Fredericksburg, Battle of Chancellorsville |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Lincoln's 1863 declaration freeing slaves in the Confederacy |
| Radical Republicans | member of Congress during Reconstruction who wanted to break the power of wealthy planters who had long ruled the south and to ensure that freedmen received the right to vote |
| Reconstruction Plans | presidential plan (designed to make it easy for the South the rejoin the Union); congressional plan (designed to make it difficult for southern states to rejoin the Union) |
| Industrial Revolution | gradual process by which machines replaced hand tools; period after the Civil War when industry grew, new products were made (automobile), and new markets were developed |
| Immigration | entering into another country in order to settle there; new immigrants (entered US after 1880, from southern and eastern Europe, very different culture); old immigrants (entered the US before 1880, from northern and western Europe, culture similar to Americans) |
| Labor Unions in the Late 1800s | Knights of Labor, American Federation of Labor (AFL), International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU) |
| Progressive Movement | people (progressives) wanted to improve American life; believed that all of society's problems could be solved; promoted the public interest over that of politicians, city bosses, and big businesses |
| Spanish-American War | war fought between Spain and the US in 1898; after the war, the US acquired the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam |
| U.S.S. Maine | an American battleship that mysteriously exploded in Cuba and led to the start of the Spanish-American War |
| Open Door Policy | issued by Secretary of State John Hay in response to England, Germany, France, and Japan carving out "spheres of influence" in China; prohibited other nations from blocking American trade with China |
| Roosevelt Corollary | statement by Theodore Roosevelt that the US had the right to intervene in Latin America to preserve law and order |
| Panama Canal | built because Theodore Roosevelt wanted a way for ships to cross through Central America to go between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; required a 10 mile wide strip of land to build |
| Causes of World War I | nationalism, imperialism, militarism, creation of alliances (Central and Allied Powers); immediate cause: assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand (heir to Austrian throne) by a Serb on June 28, 1914 |
| Lusitania | British passenger ship that was sunk in 1915 by the Germans; 128 American passengers were killed |
| Fourteen Points | president Woodrow Wilson's plan for lasting peace after World War I; included the idea for a League of Nations to prevent international problems from causing another war (the US never joined) |
| Treaty of Versailles | treaty signed on June 28, 1919 by Germany and the Allied Powers; formally placed the responsibility for the war on Germany and its allies |
| League of Nations | association of nations formed after WWI under Wilson's Fourteen Points plan (the US never joined) |
| Harlem Renaissance | a period in the 1920s when African-American culture such as art, music, and literature flourished |
| Black Tuesday | October 29, 1929; the day the stock market crashed, signaling the start of the Great Depression |
| Great Depression | the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s; many people lost jobs and all their money |
| Hoovervilles | groups of shacks in which the homeless lived during the Great Depression; named after President Hoover because he was blamed for the nation' economic problems |
| Brain Trust | unofficial advisors to Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| New Deal Programs | alphabet agencies (CC, TVA, FERA, AAA, NRA, PWA, FDIC, REA, WPA, SSA); National Labor Relations Act; Fair Labor Standards Act |
| Bank Holiday | closing of banks for four days during the Great Depression |
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) | New Deal program that insured savings accounts in banks approved by the government; still exists today |
| Securities and Exchange Commision (SEC) | alphabet agency in the New Deal Program; regulated the stock market, stock exchange, and investment procedures |
| Social Security | provided pensions for older people, unemployment insurance, and money to support dependent children and people with disabilities |
| Lend-Lease Act | during WWII, the law that allowed the US to sell arms and equipment to Britain |
| Pearl Harbor | the US port in Hawaii that was attacked by Japan on December 7, 1941; this caused the US to enter WWII |
| D-Day Invasion | June 6, 1944; invasion of Western Europe by Allied forces which caused Germany to surrender in WWII |
| United Nations | group of 50 nations that was formed in 1945 (after WWII) to help prevent world conflicts and protect human rights |
| Cold War | a state of hosilities between nations not involving direect physical combat |
| Marshall Plan | statement that the US would provide economic aide to Europe to help countries rebuild after WWII |
| Korean War | war between North Korea (communist) and South Korea (democratic); US supported South Korea and suffered 169,365 casusalties |
| Civil Rights Movement | a movement that set out to end discrimination and ensure equal rights for all Americans; included actions such as Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Little Rock Crisis, Title IX, and Americans With Disabilities Act |
| Brown V. Board of Education | 1945; Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public schools was a violation of the "equal protection clause" of the 14th ammendment |
| Montgomery Bus Boycott | year long protest against segregated busing in Montgomery, Alabama; people car-pooled, rode bikes, and walked rather than riding the buses; in 1956, the Supreme Court declared segregated busing unconstitutional |
| Little Rock Crisis | 9 African American students were enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in an effort to desegregate the school; Governor Faubus tried to stop the students from attending |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | Cold War event when the Soviet Union placed missiles in Cuba, pointing them at the US; it was the closest the world ever came to nuclear war |
| March on Washington | demonstration held in Washington D.C. 100 years after the Emancipation Proclamation; between 250,000 and 400,000 people gathered at the Lincoln Memorial for a peaceful rally to support civil rights |
| Vietnam War | war between North (communist) and South (democratic) Vietnam; the US supported South Vietnam and it became the longest war in American history; over 58,000 American soldiers died |
| Berlin Wall | a wall constructed in August 1961 to divide East and West Berlin; for 28 years, the wall kept East Berlin (communist) in turmoil as West Berlin (democratic) prospered; it was 26 miles long and 15 feet high |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.