Chem Ch. 4 PP
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Diatomic Elements | -7 Different Diatomic Elements -when in their elemental form they exist as as two atoms chemically bonded together -H2, O2, N2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 -All are gasses except bromine which is a liquid, and iodine which is a solid |
| Acid | aqueous solution of an ionic compound that has H+1 as the cation |
| base | aqueous solution of an ionic compound that has OH-1 as the anion |
| Binary Acids | -have 2 elements in their formula -when naming= "hydro" + stem of element + "ic" acid -EXCEPTION=HCN-has three elements but is called hydrocyanic acid |
| Ternary Acids | -have three elements in the formula -naming depends on the name of the polyatomic anion --originally ending in -ate....acid ending in -ic --originally ending in -ite......acid ending in -ous |
| Metal Hydroxide Bases | ionic compounds that have a metal or ammonium as the cation and OH as the anion ---these bases keep their compound names (no change just add hydroxide) |
| Chemical Reaction | process in which one or more substances are converted into other substances with different physical and chemical processes |
| indication of chemical reaction | -formation of a gas (bubbles) -formation of a solid (precipitate) -change in color -evolution of heat or light -change in odor |
| Reactant | staring substance in a chemical reaction (can be elements or compounds) |
| Product | substance that is produced in a chemical reaction (can be elements or compounds) |
| Symbols used in chemical rections | - -------> =forms - + =and/plus - (s) =solid - (l) = liquid - (g) = gas - (aq) = aqueous (dissoloved in water) - /\ --------------> = reactants are heated |
| 5 Basic Chemical Reactions | -Synthesis -Decomposition -Single Displacement -Double Displacement -Combustion |
| Synthesis Reaction | 2 or more substances combine to form a single substance A + B -----> AB |
| Decomposition Reaction | one substance "decomposes" to form 2 or more substances AB ------> A + B |
| Single Displacement Reaction | one element "displaces" another element in a compound A +BX------> AX + B |
| Double Displacement Reactions | ions in 2 ionic compounds "switch" partners AX + BY -------> AY + BX |
| Precipitation Reactions | reaction when a solid substance forms from Aqueous solutions mixed |
| Neutralization Reactions | Reactions in which an acid and a base react in an aqueous solution to produce a salt and water |
| Combustion Reactions | occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen heat is released and light is generated |
| Hydrocarbon | -organic compound that contains hydrogen and carbon -when hydrocarbon is burned in the presence of oxygen, products are carbon dioxide and water |
| Prediction of Reaction Products | -Metal Oxides are BASIC -Non-Metal Oxides are ACIDIC -Metal + NON-Metal = Salt |
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