10th Grade TAKs Review
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Created by:
stephenatx on February 10, 2012
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Skierski APWH 1, SkierskiAPWH3, Skierski WHPAP2, Skierski WHPAP4, Skierski WHPAP -6, Skierski WHPAP - 7 (see more)
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171 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 gross domestic product | the total market value of all the goods and services produced within the borders of a ntaion during a specificed period |
| per captia income | the toal national income divided by the number of people in the nation |
| population growth | increase in the number of people who inhabit a territoy or state |
| literacy rate | the measruemnt of the percent of people in a given state or country who can read a write |
| life expectancy | the number of years that an individual is exprected to live as deteremined by statistics |
| prohibited | not allowed |
| population density | the number of pople living per unti of an area (per square mile) |
| command exonomy | an economy that is planned and controled by a central administration as in the former soviet Union |
| free enterprise economy | an ecomny where buisness compete for business in an open market, with little governmnet interfernce |
| route | a course, way, or road for apssage or travel |
| adjacent | next to or beside |
| checks and balances | limits imposed on all branches of a government by vestin in each branch the right to amen or void the acts of another |
| federal | partainingto or of the nature of a union of states under a central govermnet distinct from the indivdual govermnets of the separate staets |
| acquire | to obtain or receive |
| turmoil | a state of great comotion, confusion, of disturbance |
| prospertiy | a succesful, floursihing or thriving condition |
| technological advances | those advances in science or medicine that adaacnes the knowledge of a state or individual |
| livstock | a term for cows, horses, and other cattle |
| infected | to contaminate or corup |
| state's rights | thsoe rights reserved speifically for the state and not given to the federal government |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| federalism | a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and consituent political unites (states) |
| popular soverignty | when power is given to the people of the state to choose their governmnet |
| separation of pwoers | the principle or system of vesiting in separte branches the excuitve, legislatvie, and judical powers of a government |
| commader | a person who exercises authority; cheif officer; leader |
| direct representation | citizens individually choose their representatives in a legislature |
| significant | important; of consequence |
| milestones | improtant points in an event |
| Impeach | when a public official (a president or Supreme Court Justice) is brought to trail for crimes committed in office |
| economic status | the coniditon of finances of a state or individual |
| grievance | compliantes againsts a person or state |
| relevant | realting to an event |
| landlocked | a country or state that is surrouded by land on all sides |
| harsh | ungentle and unpleasant in action or effect |
| subsistence economy | a economy where enough is grown hunted and crafted to provide for the basic needs of the people |
| market economy | an economy that operates by voluntary echange in a free market and is not planned or contorlled by a central aauthority; a capitalisc economy |
| unalienable right | righst that you can not surrender, sell or transer. they are a gift from the creator to the individual and can not under any circumstatnces be srurredned or taken (life, liberty, happiness) |
| diplomatic relations | relationships that exsits between governments |
| finalcial resources | the amount of captial or money available to a person or a state |
| accusations | claims agaisnt a person or a state usually negitive |
| treason | the offense of acting to overthrow one's government |
| secede | to withdraw or pull away |
| legitmacy | the state of acting according to law; lawful |
| limited government | a type of government in which its functions and powers are prescribed, limited, and restricted by law |
| theocracy | a government ruled by a subject to religiouc authority |
| democratic republic | form of government embodying deomcratic principles and hwere a monarch is not the head of state |
| autocracy | governmnet in which one perosn has uncontrolled or unlimited authority over others |
| absolute monarch | a ruler who governs alone and is not restrianed by laws a constitiuion or custon-usually king or queen |
| significant | important to a certain event or topic |
| crossroads | a point at which an important decision must be made |
| efficiency | the measure of ability to accomplish a job with a minimum exenditure of time and effort |
| urban | living in a city |
| rural | living in a country |
| consumer demand | the desire for goods and services by thoe who have the financial reserves to acqurie them (the amount of sutomers that want to buy something) |
| government bureaucracy | administration charcterized by exessive red tape (steps to you have to go throuh to get a destired result) and rountine |
| diversity | resprenting a wide range of things like ethnicites, genders and ideals |
| confined | unable to move or with limited space and operate |
| labor force | the amount of wokers available to perform the tasks necessary for a society to function |
| standard of living | a grade or level of subistence and comfort in everday life enjoyed by a community, class, or individual |
| geographical | pertaining to the geography or natural landforms of a given area-or a location wihin a given area |
| migration | moving from one place to antoher |
| export | usually good or services sent out of one's country or are to be consumed by antoher |
| raw materials | material before being processed or manufactured into a final form (oil, iron) |
| draft | the taking of supplies, forces, money, etc., from a given soruce- also the act of mkaing military service mandatory for certain persons |
| distribution | the delivery or giving out of an item or items to the intended recipients |
| devastated | to be compeletly destroyed |
| famine | widespread hunger within a given region |
| abolition | the legal prohibition and ending of slavery |
| popular culture "pop culture" | cultural patterns that are widespread within a popualtion *style of clothes and hair ect |
| cottage industry | the prodcution for sale, of goods at home |
| magna carta | the "great charter" of Enlgish liberties, forced form King John by the English barons, June 15, 1215 |
| militia | body of citizens enrolled for miliatry service, and called out periodically for drill but serving full time only in emergencies |
| resolution | a formal expression of opinion or intention made, usually after voting by a formal organization, a legislature, a club or another group |
| nullify | to deprive (something) of value or effectiveness to make void |
| amendment | an alteration of a addiation to a motion, bill, constution |
| textile | having to do with clothing |
| foregin policy | a policy pursued by a nation in its dealings with other nations |
| pssessions | things that you own |
| provisions | the providing or supplying of something, esp. food or other necessities- in law providing for a specific circumstances or event. |
| commercial | having to do with business |
| population boom | a sudden increase in the birthrate of an area or state |
| currency | objects used to obtain goods and services- usually coins or bills |
| infectious disease | a disease caused by a mirooorganism or other agent such as a bacterium, fungus, or virus, that enters the body of an organism |
| brithrate | the amount of births ina country druing a specific period |
| cultivation | to promote or improve the growth of (a plant, crop, etc.) by labor and attention |
| censorship | deleting parts of publication or correspondence or thertrical performances deemed harmful to an individual or party |
| Jamestown | the first permanent English settlement was founded in 1607 |
| The Declaration of Independence | an act of the Second Continental Congress, adopted on July 4, 1776, which declared that the Thirteen Colonies in North America were "Free and Independent States" and that "all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved.", work written by thomas jefferson |
| The Constitution of the United States | the supreme law of the United States of America. It was adopted on September 17, 1787, by the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and later ratified by conventions in each state in the name of "the People"; |
| President Thomas Jefferson | purchased the Louisana Territory from Fracne in 1803. The untied States paid 15 million and it double the size of the U.S. |
| Civil War | War between the Union and Confederacy from 1861-1865 |
| The first shots of the American Revolution | fired at Lexington Massachusetts in April 1775 |
| Conord Massachusetts | was the first site of the first battle of the Amercian Revolution |
| Battle of Saratoga | the turing point of the American Revolution led to a miltiary alliance with France |
| End of the American Revolution | The british defeat at Yorktown, Virgina by George Washingtown's troops singaled the end of the american revolution. accepted the surrrender of the main british army under Cronwallis |
| First shot of Civil War | fired at Fort Sumter in South Carolina |
| Battle of Gettysburg | the turing point of the Civil War for the North, Confederate troops were forced to retreat and never invaded the North again |
| Capture of Vicksburg, Mississippi | By the north in 1863 effectively split the Confederacy in two and gave control of the Mississippe River to the Union |
| Appomattox Curt House | small town in Virgina where Robert E Lee surrendered the Confederate Army to Ulysses S. Grant ending the Civil War |
| Seperation of Powers | a system in which each branch of government has its own powers |
| amend | to change |
| tyranny | is a cruel and unjust government |
| Democracy | form of government that is run for an by the people, giving people the supreme power |
| Judicial Review | is the right of the Supreme Court to judge laws passd by COngress and determine wheaterh they are consitutial or not |
| civil disobedience | is the refusal to obey a government laws or law as a means of passive resistance becasue of one's moral convicition of belief |
| ratify | means to improve by vote |
| federalist | supporst of the constiution who favored a strong national government |
| antifederalist | wre people who opposed to the constituion preferring more power to be given to the state governments than to the national government |
| nullification | the idea of a state declaring a federal law illegal |
| primary sources | original records of an event, they incldue eyewitness reports created at the time of an event speeches, and letters by people involved in the event, photographs and artifacts |
| secondary sources | later writings and interpretations of historians and writers. often secondary sources like textbooks and articles provided summaries of information found in primary sources |
| Treaty of Paris of 1763 | ended the French and Indian War and effectively kicked the French out of North America; ended the American Revolution and foreced Britian to recginze the United States as an idependent Nations |
| Northwest Ordiance | established a system of setting up governments in the western territories so they could eventually join the UNion. its consitution had to provide for a representative governemnt and ithad to prohibit slavery |
| Mayflower Compact | an agreement singed in 1620 b the Pilgrims in Playmouth, to consult each other baout laws for the colony and a promise to work together to make it succeed. Postive step towards self-rule. |
| Federalist Papers | series of essays written by James Madison, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, defending the Consituion and the principles on which the government of the United States was founded |
| Common Sense | was a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine to convice colonists that it was time to become independent from Britian |
| Bill of Rights | is the first ten amednments of the Constituion and detail the protection of individual liberties |
| Gettysburg Adress | short speech given by Abrahman Lincoln to dedicate a cemetry for soliders who died at the Battle of Gettysburg. It is considered a profound statement of American ideals. Four score and seven years ago, our fathers....and that governemtn of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not parsih from the earth |
| Lincolns First inaugrual Address | stated that, "no state..can lawfully get out of the Union.." bt pledged there would be no war unless the South started it, was ment to hlep heal and resore the country after four years of the Civil War |
| The Great Compromise | created two houses of Congress. One based on population, and ther other gave equal represnetation of each state |
| Emancipation Proclamtions | Abraham Lincoln issued this on January 1, 1863 seeting all slaves in the Confederate states Free |
| John C. Calhoun | south carolina congressman and senator who spoke for the south before and during the Civil War |
| Henry Clay | powerfuly Knetucky congressmn senator who propoosed the American system and the Compromise of 1850 |
| Daniel Webster | Massachusetts Congressman and senator who spoke for the Norhta nd the preservation of the Union |
| Jefferson Davis | was the president of the confederacy during the Civil War |
| Ulysses S grant | Gernal of the Union Army and was responsible for winning the Civil War for the north |
| Robert E. Lee | general of the confederate army |
| Abraham Lincoln | 16th president of the USA who sucessfully put the Union back together only to be assassinated 5 days later after the Civil war ended |
| Alexander Hamilton | leader of the Federalist, first Treasurer of the US creator of the Bank of the U.S. killed in a duel by the Vice President of the US Aaron Burr |
| Patrick Henry | passionate patriot who became fomous for his fiery speeches in favor of American Independence his most famous quote included the worlds "give me liberty or give me Death." |
| James Madison | "Father of the Constitution" |
| Frederick Douglas | former slave who became the best know black abolitionsit in the country "north star" |
| James Monroe | author of the Monroe Doctrine, which shut down the western hemispher to european exansion or interference |
| Harriet Tubman | was an escaped slave who became a Conductor on the Undergroud Railroad and helped over 300 salves to freedom in the North |
| Tenth Amedment | states that powers not gien to the federal government belong to the states |
| Thirteenth Amendment | abolished slavery |
| Fourteenth Amendment | guarantees citizenship and righst to all poeple born or antrualized in the US |
| Fifteenth Amenment | guarantees the right to vot to all citizens regaurdless of race. |
| Marbury vs. Madison | the 1803 Court decision that gave the Supreme Court the right to determine whether a law violates the Constituion it set up the principle of Judical Review |
| Dred Scott vs. Sanford | the Supreme Court decision that said saves were property and not citizens |
| Gibbons vs. Ogden | the Supreme Court decision that rulled that the consitution gave contorl of interstate comerce to the U.S. congress not the individual states trhough whih a route passed |
| Navigation Acts | series of laws passed by England to regulate the Colonist's trade, so England would make money |
| Proclamation of 1763 | forbidden colonist to settle west of the Appalachian Moutians |
| Tea Act | led to the Boston Tea Party |
| Mexican Cession | Mexico sold all of California and New mexico to the US |
| Cotton Gin | a machine that separates the seeds from raw cotton fibers, Eli whitney |
| Steamboat | Robert Fulton |
| Telegraph | Samuel Morse |
| Reaper | farm machine that gathers a food crop from the fields, Cyrus Mccormick |
| Bessemer Process | changing iron into steal |
| Interchangeable Parts | Eli Whitney |
| Steel Plow | John Deere |
| first amendment | congres shall make no law restricing freddom of speech, religion,press assembly and petition |
| second amendment | guarantees the right of states to organize millias or armies and the right of indivudlas to bear arms |
| third amendment | forbids the gov. to order private citizens to allow soldier to live in their homes |
| sixth amendment | the constitutional amendment designed to protect individuals accused of crimes. It includes the right to counsel, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to a speedy and public trial. |
| ninth amendment | states that people have rights toher than those mentioned in the Constitution |
| mercantilism | economic theory that a country's strength is measured by the amount of gold it has that a country should sell more than it buys and that the colonies exist for the benefit of the the Mother Country |
| tariff | is a tax on goods brought into a country |
| free enterprise | the freedom of private businesses to operate competitively for profit with minimal goverment regulations |
| federalism | sharing the power between the states and the national government |
| Farewell Address | stressed three dnagers facing the nation. The first related to the rise of polictical parties. Written by George Washington |
| Samuel Adams | member of the sons of liberty who started the committee of correspondcne to stir public support for american indepdnece |
| benjamin franklin | inventor, stateman, diplomat, signer of the declaration of independence and delegate to constituatl convention. |
| King George III | King of England during the American Revolution, taxed the colines refused the Olive Branch Petition leading to the final break with the colonies |
| Thomas Jefferson | wrote the declaration of indpendence, became the 3rd presidnet of the US and purchased the Louisana territory |
| Andrew Jackson | leader of the original democratic party and a "president of the pople" he was also responsbible for the Trail of Tears, which forced Native Americans west of the Mississippi River |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Seneca Falls Convention creating the Women's Rights movement in the US |
| Susan B Anothony | women's rights organizer |
| Harrlet Beecher Stowe | wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin which was about the horrors of slaery |
| William Llyod garrison | published the Liberator; abolished Slavery |
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