7th grade science-Maps as Models of the Earth
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53 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 map | a model or representation of the earth's surface |
| reference point | a fixed place on the earth's surface from which direction and location can be described |
| cardinal directions | north, south, east and west are classified as these |
| true north | the geographic north pole never changes |
| magnetic declination | the difference between geographic north and magnetic north; |
| latitude | the distance north or south measeured in degrees from the equator |
| equator | a circle halfway between the poles that divides the earth in to the northern and southern hemispheres |
| parallels | imaginary lines drawn around the earth parallel to the equator |
| meridians | imaginary lines thatpass through the poles |
| longitude | the distance east and west measured in degrees from the prime meridian |
| prime meridian | this passes through Greenwich, England |
| lines of longitude | they touch at the poles and are farthest apart at the equator; run north-south |
| global addresses | latitude and longitude are used in combination to create this |
| mercator projection | a map projection that results when the contents of the globe are transferred onto a cylinder of paper |
| conic projection | a map projection that is made by transferring the contents of the globe onto a cone |
| azimuthal projection | a map projection that is made by transferring the contents of the globe onto a plane |
| distortions | changes in the shapes and sizes of land features and oceans caused by transferring information from a globe to a flat map |
| aerial photographs | photographs taken from the air |
| remote sensing | the gathering of information about something withough actually being there |
| title | subject of the map |
| map's scale | shows the relationship between the distance on the earth's surface and the distance on the map |
| graphic scale | a bar graph that shows units of distance on a map |
| verbal scale | a phrase that describes the measure of distance on the map |
| representative fraction | the proportional, unitless relationship between a distance on the map and the distance on the earth's surface |
| compas rose | shows how the map is positioned in relation to true north |
| legend | a list of the symbols used in the map and their explanation |
| date | gives the time at which the information on the map was accurate |
| topgraphic map | a map that shows surface features of the earth |
| elevation | the height of an object above sea level |
| United States Geological Survey | a federal government agency that has made topogaphic maps for all of the United States |
| contour lines | these lines connect points of equal elevation; these lines lever cross |
| contour interval | the difference in elevation between one contour line and the next line |
| relief | the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points of the area being mapped |
| index contour | this is usually a darker, heavier contour line that is usually every 5th line and that is labeled by elevation |
| magnetic compasses | the north needle on the compass points to the magnetic north pole |
| globe | this is the most accurate representation of the earth's surface |
| common map projection based on 3 geometric shapes | cylinders, cones and planes |
| mapmakers | these people use map projections to transfer images of the earth's curved surface to a flat surface |
| shape of contour lines | this reflects the shape of the land |
| contour interval and the spacing of contour lines | this indicates the slope of the land |
| V-shaped lines | contour lines that cross a valley or stream; the V points toward the area of higher elevation; if a stream or river flows through the valley the V points upstream |
| magnetic declination | also know as "the angle of correction" |
| parallels | also called lines of latitude |
| meridians | also called lines of longitude |
| prime meridian | this line represents zero (0) degrees longitude |
| lines of longitude | these lines are NOT parallel |
| remote sensing | this allows mapmakers to make more accurate maps |
| graphic scale | it is like a ruler on a map |
| contour lines | used on all contour maps |
| index contour | used on a topographic map; used to make reading a map easier |
| magnetic compasses | this is used to determine direction on the earth's surface |
| closely spaced contour lines | this represent a steep slope |
| widely spaced contour lines | this represents a gentle slope |
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