Chemistry Exam #1
Order by
133 terms
Chemistry | English |
|---|---|
 Li⁺ | Monoatomic Cation Lithium Ion |
| Na⁺ | Monoatomic Cation Sodium Ion |
| K⁺ | Monoatomic Cation Potassium Ion |
| Rb⁺ | Monoatomic Cation Rubidium Ion |
| Cs⁺ | Monoatomic Cation Cesium Ion |
| Fr⁺ | Monoatomic Cation Francium Ion |
| Mg²⁺ | Monoatomic Cation Magnesium |
| Ca²⁺ | Monoatomic Cation Calcium Ion |
| Sr²⁺ | Monoatomic Cation Strontium Ion |
| Ba²⁺ | Monoatomic Cation Barium Ion |
| Al³⁺ | Monoatomic Cation Aluminum Ion |
| Ra²⁺ | Monoatomic Cation Radium Ion |
| NH₄⁺ | Ammonium ion Polyatomic cation |
| H₃O⁺ | hydronium ion polyatomic cation |
| CH₃CO₂⁻ | polyatomic Anion Acetate |
| CN⁻ | cyanide Polyatomic Anion |
| OH⁻ | hydroxide Polyatomic Anion |
| NO₂⁻ | nitrite Polyatomic Anion |
| NO₃⁻ | nitrate Polyatomic Anion |
| SCN⁻ | thiocyanate Polyatomic Anion |
| HCO₃⁻ | bicarbonate Polyatomic Anion |
| HSO₄⁻ | bisulfate Polyatomic Anion |
| ClO⁻ | hypochlorite Polyatomic Anion |
| ClO₂⁻ | chlorite Polyatomic Anion |
| ClO₃⁻ | chlorate Polyatomic Anion |
| ClO₄⁻ | perchlorate Polyatomic Anion |
| SO₃²⁻ | sulfite Polyatomic Anion |
| SO₄²⁻ | sulfate Polyatomic Anion |
| CO₃²⁻ | carbonate Polyatomic Anion |
| C₂O₄²⁻ | oxalate Polyatomic Anion |
| CrO₄²⁻ | chromate Polyatomic Anion |
| Cr₂O₇²⁻ | dichromate Polyatomic Anion |
| O₂²⁻ | peroxide Polyatomic Anion |
| PO₄³⁻ | phosphate Polyatomic Anion |
| In compound that start with "H", stem + "ate" = | Stem +"ic acid" ex. CH₃CO₂⁻ (acetate) → HCH₃CO₂ (acetic acid) |
| In compound that start with "H", stem + "ite" = | stem + "ous acid" ex. SO₃²⁻ (sulfite) → H₂SO₃ (sulufrous acid) |
| In compound that start with "H", stem + "ide" = | "hydro" + stem + "ic acid" ex. F⁻ (fluoride) → HF (hydrofluoric acid) |
| Ag⁺ | Silver (no roman numeral) transition metal cation |
| Zn²⁺ | Zinc (no roman numeral) transition metal cation |
| Cu⁺ | Copper (I) transition metal cation |
| Cu²⁺ | Copper (II) transition metal cation |
| Hg⁺ | Mercury (I) transition metal cation |
| Hg²⁺ | Mercury (II) transition metal cation |
| Fe²⁺ | Iron (II) transition metal cation |
| Fe³⁺ | Iron (III) transition metal cation |
| Co²⁺ | Cobalt (II) transition metal cation |
| Co³⁺ | Cobalt (III) transition metal cation |
| Ni²⁺ | Nickel (II) transition metal cation |
| Ni³⁺ | Nickel (III) transition metal cation |
| Mn²⁺ | Manganese (II) transition metal cation |
| Mn⁴⁺ | Manganese (IV) transition metal cation |
| Sn²⁺ | Tin (II) transition metal cation |
| Sn⁴⁺ | Tin (IV) transition metal cation |
| Pb²⁺ | Lead (II) transition metal cation |
| Pb⁴⁺ | Lead (IV) transition metal cation |
| F⁻ | Fluoride ion monoatomic anion |
| Cl⁻ | Chloride ion monoatomic anion |
| Br⁻ | Bromide ion monoatomic anion |
| I⁻ | Iodide ion monoatomic anion |
| At⁻ | Astatide ion monoatomic anion |
| O²⁻ | Oxide ion monoatomic anion |
| S²⁻ | Sulfide ion monoatomic anion |
| N³⁻ | Nitride ion monoatomic anion |
| P³⁻ | Phosphide ion monoatomic anion |
| Pure Substance (definition) | A sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties. |
| Element (definition) | fundamental type of matter that has an unique set of properties and can't be broken down by chemical means |
| Compound (definition) | a substance consisting of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio |
| Heterogeneous (definition) | Non-uniform mixture in which the composition varies throughout. |
| Homogeneous (definition) | uniform mixture in which the composition is the same throughout. |
| Solution (definition) | a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. |
| Density (definition) | the amount of matter in a given amount of space |
| Density Formula | M/V=D (cut heart in half horizontally to remember) |
| When using addition and subtraction, answer is limited by... | the fewest decimal places is how many decimal places should be reported in the answer |
| When using multiplication and division, answer is limited by... | the lowest number of significant figures, which is the number that should be presented in the answer |
| Calculating % Error | (experimental value - actual value) / actual value x 100 |
| Precision | Describes how close a set of repeated measurements are to each other ex. low accuracy and high precision on a dart board would produce results of many darts close to one another but not necessarily close to the the true value (the target) |
| Accuracy | Describes how close a measured value is to the accepted value ex. high accuracy and low precision on a dart board would produce results of many darts close to the target but not necessarily close to one another |
| Farenheit° → Kelvin° | (F° - 32) * (5/9) + 273.15 = K° |
| Farenheit° → Celcius° | (F° - 32) * (5/9) = C° |
| Celcius° → Farenheit° | (C° * (9/5)) + 32 = F° |
| Celcius° → Kelvin° | C° + 273.15 = K° |
| Kelvin° → Celcius° | K° - 273.15 = C° |
| Kelvin° → Farenheit° | (K° - 273.15) * (9/5) + 32 = F° |
| Determining Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons in an Atom | protons = atomic number (top left) neutrons = atomic mass (rounded to the nearest whole number) - atomic number electrons = number of protons (a.k.a atomic number) |
| % Composition Formula | (molecular weight / molar mass) * 100 ex. CO₂ C -1 x 12.01 = 12.01 O - 2 x 16.00 = 32.00 12.01 + 32.00 = 44.01g (molar mass) (12.01/44.01) * 100 = 27.29% C (32.00/44/01) * 100 = 72.71% O Check: 27.29 + 72.71 = 100% |
| I₂ | Diatomic element |
| Cl₂ | Diatomic element |
| H₂ | Diatomic element |
| O₂ | Diatomic element |
| F₂ | Diatomic element |
| Br₂ | Diatomic element |
| Determine the mass number of an atom | protons + neutrons |
| Metalloids | B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po charge of +3 |
| Metals | groups 1A (except H) through metalloids |
| Non-Metals | Halogens (group7A), Noble Gases (group 8A), and H, C, N, O, P, Se |
| Noble Gases | Group 8A: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn |
| Alkali Metals | Group 1A (except H): Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr charge of +1 |
| Halogens | Group 7A: F, Cl, Br, I, At charge of -1 |
| Alkaline Earth Metals | Group 2A: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra charge of +2 |
| Ionic Compound Naming | Steps: 1. Write the symbols 2. Write the charges 3. Cross the charges from one element to the other 4. Remove the charge symbols 5. Simplify the numbers and remove the ones |
| Molecular Compound Naming | Prefixes: 1: Mono- 2: Di- 3: Tri- 4: Tetra- 5: Penta- 6: Hexa- 7: Hepta- 8: Octa- 9: Nona- 10: Deca- Rules: 1. if there is only 1 of the first element, don't write "mono"! 2. leave the ending of the first name alone but change the end of the second element to "ide" ex. NF₃ = nitrogen trifluoride N₂O₄ = dinitrogen tetroxide |
| How to convert between grams ↔ moles of a compound | moles = (# of grams) ÷ (molar mass) grams = (# of moles) × (molar mass) |
| Determining empirical formula from percent composition | ... |
| Determining molecular formula from percent composition and molecular weight | ... |
| How to determine amount of a product using stoichiometry | ... |
| How to determine amount of product formed using stoichiometric calculations | ... |
| How to determine limiting reagent | ... |
| CH₄ | methane |
| C₂H₆ | ethane |
| C₃H₈ | propane |
| C₄H₁₀ | butane |
| C₅H₁₂ | pentane |
| C₆H₁₄ | hexane |
| C₈H₁₈ | octane |
| C₁₀H₂₂ | decane |
| C₇H₁₆ | heptane |
| HClO₄ | Perchloric acid halogen oxoacid |
| HClO₃ | Chloric acid halogen oxoacid |
| HClO₂ | Chlorous acid halogen oxoacid |
| HClO | Hypochlorous acid halogen oxoacid |
| H₃PO₄ | Phosphoric acid halogen oxoacid |
| HBrO₄ | Perbromic acid halogen oxoacid |
| HBrO₃ | Bromic acid halogen oxoacid |
| HBrO₂ | Bromous acid halogen oxoacid |
| HBrO | Hypobromous acid halogen oxoacid |
| HNO₂ | Nitrous acid halogen oxoacid |
| HIO₄ | Periodic acid halogen oxoacid |
| HIO₃ | Iodic acid halogen oxoacid |
| HIO₂ | Iodous acid halogen oxoacid |
| HIO | Hypoiodous acid halogen oxoacid |
| Systematic Error | Consistent errors due to improperly calibrated measuring devices |
| Random Error | Fluctuations in the measurement due to uncontrollable variables. |
| Standard Deviation | A statistical calculation of the variation in a set of measurements from a model |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.