CHAPTER 5
About this set
Created by:
maemaecelestial on February 10, 2012
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 ACCOMMODATION | -in piaget's theory, that part of adaptation in which new schemes are created and old ones adjusted to produce a better fit with the environment (152) |
| ADAPTATION | -in piaget's theory, the process of building schemes through direct interaction with the environment. -consist of two complementary activities: assimilation and accommodation (152) |
| ASSIMILATION | -in piaget's theory, that part of adaptation in which the external world is interpreted in terms of current schemes. (152) |
| AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY | -long lasting representation of personally meaningful one-time events from both the recent and the distant past. (164) |
| BABBLING | -repetition of constant-vowel combinations in long strings, beginning around 6 months of age. (174) |
| CENTRAL EXECUTIVE | -in information processing, the conscious part of working memory that directs the flow of information through the mental system by deciding what to attend to, coordinating incoming information with information already in the system, and selecting, applying, and monitoring strategies (161) |
| CHILD-DIRECTED SPEECH (CDS) | -a form of language used by adults to speak to infants and toddlers, consisting of short sentences with high pitched, exaggerated expression, clear pronunciation, distinct pauses between speech segments, and repetition of new words in a variety of contexts. (177) |
| CIRCULAR REACTION | -in piaget's theory, a means of building schemes in which infants try to repeat a chance event caused by their own motor activity (153) |
| COOING | -pleasant vowel-like noises made by infants beginning around 2 months of age (174) |
| CORE KNOWLEDGE PERSPECTIVE | -a perspective that states that infants are born with a set of innate knowledge systems, or core domains of thought, each of which permits a ready grasp of new, related information and therefore supports early, rapid development of certain aspects of cognition (159) |
| DEFERRED IMITATION | -the ability to remember and copy the behavior of models who are not present (155) |
| DEVELOPMENTALLY APPROPRIATE PRACTICE | -a set of standards devised by the national association for the education of young children, specifying program characteristics that meet the developmental and individual needs of young children of varying ages, based on current research and the consensus of experts (171) |
| DEVELOPMENTAL QUOTIENT (DQ) | -a score on an infant intelligence test, computed in the same manner as an IQ but labeled more conservatively because it does not tap the same dimensions of intelligence measured in older children (169) |
| EXPRESSIVE STYLE OF LANGUAGE LEARNING | -a style of early language learning in which toddlers use language mainly to talk about their own and others feelings and needs, with an initial vocabulary emphasizing social formulas and pronouns (177) |
| HOME OBSERVATION FOR MEASUREMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT (HOME) | -a checklist for gathering information about the quality of children's home lives through observation and parental interview (169) |
| INFANTILE AMNESIA | -the inability of most older children and adults to remember events that happened before age 3. (164) |
| INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT (IQ) | -a score that permits an individual's performance on an intelligence test to be compared to the performances of other individuals of the same age (168) |
| INTENTIONAL OR GOAL DIRECTED, BEHAVIOR | -a sequence of actions in which schemes are deliberately coordinated to solve a problem (154) |
| JOINT ATTENTION | -a state in which the child and the caregiver attend to the same object or event and the caregiver comments verbally about what the child sees. -supports language development (175) |
| LANGUAGE ACQUISITION DEVICE | -in chomsky's theory, an innate system containing a universal grammar, or set of rules common to all languages, that enables children, no matter which language they hear, to understand and speak in a rule-oriented fashion as soon as they pick up enough words (173) |
| LONG TERM MEMORY | -in information processing, the largest storage area in memory, containing our permanent knowledge base (161) |
| MAKE BELIEVE PLAY | -a type of play in which children act out everyday and imaginary activities (155) |
| MENTAL REPRESENTATION | -an internal depiction of information that the mind can manipulate, including images and concepts (154) |
| MENTAL STRATEGIES | -in information processing, procedures that operate on and transform information, increasing the chances that we will retain information, use it efficiently, and think flexibly, adapting the information to changing circumstances (161) |
| NORMAL DISTRIBUTION | -the bell-shaped distribution that results when individual differences are measured in large samples. -most scores cluster around the mean, or average, with progressively fewer falling toward the extremes (168) |
| OBJECT PERMANENCE | -the understanding that objects continue to exist when they are out of sight (154) |
| ORGANIZATION | -in piaget's theory, the internal rearrangement and linking together of schemes so that they form a strongly interconnected cognitive system. -in information processing, a memory strategy that involves grouping related items together to improve recall (152) |
| OVEREXTENSION | -an early vocabulary error in which a word is applied too broadly, to a wider collection of objects and events than is appropriate. (176) |
| RECALL | -a type of memory that involves remembering a stimulus that is not present (163) |
| RECOGNITION | -a type of memory that involves noticing whether a stimulus is identical or similar to one previously experienced (163) |
| REFERENTIAL STYLE OF LANGUAGE LEARNING | -a style of early language learning in which toddlers use language mainly to name things, producing many words that refer to objects (177) |
| SCHEME | -in piaget's theory, a specific psychological structure, or organized way of making sense of experience, that changes with age (152) |
| SENSORIMOTOR STAGE | -piaget's first stage, spanning the first two years of life, during which infants and toddlers "think" with their eyes, ears, hands, and other sensorimotor equipment (152) |
| SENSORY REGISTER | -the part of the information-processing system in which sights and sounds are represented directly and stored briefly. (161) |
| STANDARDIZATION | -the practice of giving a newly constructed test to a large, representative sample of individuals and using the results as the standard for interpreting individual scores (168) |
| TELEGRAPHIC SPEECH | -toddlers' two-word utterances that, like a telegram, focus on high-content words while omitting smaller, less important words (176) |
| UNDEREXTENSION | -an early vocabulary error in which a word is applied too narrowly, to a smaller number of objects and events than is appropriate (176) |
| VIOLATION-OF-EXPECTATION METHOD | -a method in which researchers show babies an expected event (one that follows physical laws) and an unexpected event (a variation of the first event that violates physical laws). -heightened attention to the unexpected event suggests that the infant is "suprised" by a deviation from physical reality and therefore is aware of that aspect of the physical world (155) |
| WORKING OR SHORT-TERM, MEMORY | -the part of the information-processing system in which we "work" on a limited amount of information, actively applying mental strategies so the information will be retained and used effectively. (161) |
| ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT | -in Vygotsky's theory, a range of tasks too difficult for a child to do alone but possible with the help of more-skilled partners (165) |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.