religions
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Alawites | any member of a minority sect of Shi'ite Muslims living chiefly in Syria. Many 'Alawites also live around or in Hims and Hamah. They are second in number within Syria to the Sunnite sect, which makes up about three-fourths of the Muslim population of mostly Muslim Syria. |
| Zoroastrianism | A religion originating in ancient Iran with the prophet Zoroaster (Zarathushtra ). It centered on a single benevolent deity Ahura mazda, Emphasizing truth-telling, purity, and reverence for nature, the religion demanded that humans choose sides between good (Ahura mazda) and evil ( Angra Mainyu) (120) |
| gnosticism | prominent in the Greco-Roman world in the early Christian era, particularly the 2nd century. one of the earliest Christian heresies. It stressed the importance of secret knowledge passed on to a select few. It denied the goodness of creation and the material world. |
| Sikhism | founded by Guru Nanak in the Punjab area, now Pakistan. Received a vision. After his death a series of nine Gurus (regarded as reincarnations of Guru Nanak) led the movement until 1708. |
| Zoroastrianism | They dedicate their lives to a three-fold path represented by their motto: "Good thoughts, good words, good deeds." The faith does not generally accept converts but this is disputed by some members. |
| Zoroastrianism | Its holy book is called the Avesta which includes the teachings of its founder written in a series of five hymns called the Gathas. |
| Zoroastrianism | its practitioners worship through prayers and symbolic ceremonies that are conducted before a sacred fire which symbolizes their God. |
| Sikhism | the Shri Guru Granth Sahib, was compiled by the tenth Guru, Gobind Singh. It consists of hymns and writings of the first 10 Gurus, along with texts from different Muslim and Hindu saints. The holy text is considered the 11th and final Guru. |
| Sikhism | Indian religion founded by the guru Nanak (1469-1539) in the Punjab region of northwest India. After the Mughal emperor ordered the beheading of the ninth guru in 1675, Sikh warriors mounted armed resistance to Mughal rule. (p. 538) |
| Bahá'í | Is similar to Sikhism in the sense that both advocate the elimination of religious differences. Arose from Islam in the 1800s based on the teachings of Baha'u'llah (Arabic: "Glory of God") |
| Taoism | founded by Lao-Tse, a contemporary of Confucius in China. combination of psychology and philosophy.the Tao-te-Ching, describe the nature of life, the way to peace and how a ruler should lead his life. adopted as state religion in 440 CE when it was adopted as a state religion. |
| Nichiren Buddhism | school of Japanese Buddhism named after its founder, the 13th-century militant prophet and saint _______. Lotus Sutra "The Scripture of the Lotus of the Good Law"). |
| Theravada Buddhism | "Way of the Elders";claiming strict adherence to the teachings of the Buddha, recognizes as saints (arhats) those who have attained nirvana (the state of bliss) and hence salvation from samsara (the compulsory circle of rebirth) by their own efforts. |
| Mahayana Buddhism | "Greater Vehicle"; rejected the Theravada belief that only monks may attain salvation. In ________ belief there is a path to redemption for all people, irrespective of their social standing. |
| Vajrayana Buddhism | "Thunderbolt Vehicle"; Tantrism (a system of magical and esoteric practices), is mainly represented by Tibetan Buddhism. In addition to the innumerable saints of Mahayana Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism also accepts as living saints those who are regarded as incarnations (tulkus) of saints, scholars of the past, deities, or demons. The Dalai Lamas, heads of the Tibetan hierarchy, are viewed as reincarnations of Chen-re-zi (the bodhisattva of mercy, Avalokiteshvara). |
| Theravada Buddhism | also called in derogation Hinayana ("Lesser Vehicle") |
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